• 14 and 15 years old: outside of school hours in various nonmanufacturing, nonmining, nonhazardous jobs, under these conditions: no more than three hours on a school day, 18 hours in a school week, eight hours on a nonschool day or 40 hours in a nonschool week. Also, work may not begin before 7 a.m. nor end after 7 p.m., except from June 1 through Labor Day, when evening hours are extended to 9 p.m. Regulations governing youth employment in nonfarm jobs differ somewhat from those pertaining to agricultural employment. In nonfarm work, the permissible kinds and hours of work, by age, are: • 14 is the minimum age for most nonfarm work. However, at any age, youths may deliver newspapers, perform in radio, television, movie or theatrical productions, work for parents in their solely owned nonfarm business (except in manufacturing or on hazardous jobs), gather evergreens and make evergreen wreaths. • Under a special provision 14- and 15-year-olds enrolled in an approved Work Experience and Career Exploration Program (WECEP) may be employed for up to 23 hours in school weeks and three hours on school days (including during school hours). Hazardous occupations which are not permitted for any minor under age 18 are: working with explosives and radioactive materials; operating certain power-driven woodworking, metalworking, bakery, meat processing, and paper products machinery; operating various types of power-driven saws and guillotine shears; operating most power-driven hoisting apparatus such as non- automatic elevators, fork lifts, and cranes; most jobs in slaughtering and meat packing establishments; most jobs in excavation, logging and sawmilling; roofing, wrecking, demolition, and shipbreaking; operating motor vehicles or working as outside helpers on motor vehicles; and most jobs in the manufacturing of bricks, tiles, and similar products. Exemptions from some of the Department of Labor’s hazardous occupation orders apply for apprentices and students in vocational education programs. In addition to the hazardous prohibitions that apply to all minor workers, the Final Rule makes it clear that 14- and 15-year-olds may only work in those jobs that the Secretary of Labor allows, viz. “Employment that is not specifically permitted is prohibited.” Accordingly, the Final Rule clarifies, details and expands both prohibited and permitted jobs for 14- and 15-year-olds: • Safe, Allowable Tasks: The Final Rule expands the number and types of tasks that 14- and 15-year-olds are permitted to perform. This expansion builds on the former regulations that allowed them to work in food service, retail, and gasoline service establishments. Permitted activities now include: office work; work of an intellectually or artistically creative nature; most restaurant tasks; most retail tasks, including cashiering, stock work, and clean-up work; errand and delivery work by foot, bicycle, or public transportation; work in such fields as advertising, teaching, banking and information technology; most gasoline service station tasks; and, under certain conditions, work inside and outside of places that use power-driven machinery to process word products. Additionally, 15-year-olds (but not 14-year-olds) may work as lifeguards at traditional swimming pools and water parks, as defined in the Final Rule. • Newly Prohibited Tasks: The Final Rule also adds or makes explicit prohibitions on 14- and 15-year-olds performing the following tasks: door-to-door sales, or peddling (with an exception for doing so on behalf of charitable organizations or public agencies); poultry catching and cooping; and promotional activity like sign waving, unless performed directly outside the employer’s establishment.
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