INDEX
Lighting Systems Lighting Terminology
Lighting Systems Lighting Terminology
Energy efficiency (light output) Unit: lumens per watt (lm/W). Luminous efficiency is a measure of the efficiency with which power is converted into light:
The most important terms used in lighting As is the norm in technology and science, lighting technology uses specific terms to specify characteristics of lamps and luminaires and has standardised the relevant units of measurement. The most important of these are set out below. Light is electromagnetic radiation, which elicits a light sensation in the human eye, and is therefore visible. This is the radiation between 360 and 830 nm, only a tiny part of the spectrum of electromagnetic radiation which is known to us.
LED Fluorescent lamp T5 Fluorescent lamp T8
Energy-saving lamp E27 Energy-saving lamp E14 Low voltage halogen lamp High voltage halogen lamp Incandescent lamp
area of vision
Observer
1 Lux
Lumen/W 0 20 40
60 80 100 120
luminous intensity
0 0
1 Lumen 1m 2
Average rated life The average rated life is the average life expectancy of individual lamps operated under standard conditions (50% lamp failure).
0
Luminous flux Φ Unit: lumen [lm].
Luminance L Unit: candela per square metre [cd/m2]. The luminance L of a light source or an illuminated area is crucial for the impression of brightness perceived.
Illumination E Unit: lux [lx]. Illumination E is the ratio of luminous flux to the area illuminated. Illumination is 1 lx, when a
Luminous intensity Unit: candela [cd].
Lamps
Average rated life (approx.)
Incandescent lamp E14 / E27 Halogen low voltage (no name)
1,000 hrs
A light source generally emits its luminous flux at different strengths in different directions. The intensity of the light given off in a specific direction is known as luminous intensity.
Luminous flux is the total light output of a light source, that is evaluated with the spectral sensitivity of the eye.
500 - 2,000 hrs
Halogen low voltage (name-brand product)
2,000 - 4,000 hrs approx. 7,000 hrs approx. 8,000 hrs approx. 13,000 hrs 4,000 - 19,000 hrs approx. 20,000 hrs approx. 24,000 hrs
T5 ( Ø 16mm) fluorescent lamp (6-13W)
luminous flux of 1 lm provides an even light over an area of 1 m2.
T2 ( Ø 7mm) fluorescent lamp
T8 ( Ø 26mm) fluorescent lamp (magnetic ballast)
Energy-saving lamp
The spectrum of light visible to the human eye The entire frequency range of electromagnetic waves is called the electromagnetic spectrum. This spans seamlessly from the lowest energy, long waves, e.g. radio waves, to the energy-rich, ultra-hard X-rays and gamma rays that come from a radioactive source. The visible light region occupies a very narrow portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. It corresponds to the wavelengths 400 nm (violet) to 750 nm (red). What is light anyway? Light can be defined as electromagnetic waves. Our conception of both light and colour refers to electromagnetic waves of a frequency that is visible to the human eye. Waves of other frequencies have no colour. Most are described by names which identify what they are used for.
T8 ( Ø 26mm) fluorescent lamp (electronic ballast) T5 HO ( Ø 16mm) fluorescent lamp (24-80W) LED (depending on style, control, cooling...)
10,000 - 100,000 hrs & up
Colour temperature / colour appearance
1°C = 274 K 2700°C = 2,973 K
1000 K 8000 K 12000 K 1000 K 2000 K 3000 K 4000 K 5000 K 6000 K 7000 K 8000 K 12000 K 2000 K 3000 K 4000 K 5000 K 6000 K 7000 K
The colour of light is defined in Kelvin (K). The lower the Kelvin, the “warmer” the light – from yellow to orange to red. The higher the Kelvin, the “cooler” (bluish-looking) the light. The colour temperature of a light source is the temperature at which a material, e.g. a lamp filament or a fire’s glow, arouses the same colour impression as the actual light source.
The spectrum of light visible to the human eye
Infrared
Ultraviolet
Light source
Colour temperature
400 nm
450 nm
500 nm
550 nm
600 nm
650 nm
700 nm
750 nm
Candle
1,500 K 2,680 K 2,800 K 3,000 K 3,000 K 4,000 K
Incandescent lamp (40W) Incandescent lamp (100W)
Common term
Gamma rays
Ultraviolet rays
TV
Medium wave Long wave
High- Medium- Low- frequency
Infrared rays
X-rays
VHF
Short wave
Radio waves
Alternating currents
Halogen lamp
1 nm
1mm 1 cm
1m
1 km
Warm white
Length (m)
10 -15
10 -14 10 -13
10 -12 10 -11 10 -10 10 -9
10 -8
10 -7
10 -6
10 -5
10 -4
10 -3
10 -2
10 -1
10 0
10 1
10 2
10 3
10 4
10 5
Neutral white
Xenon/arc lamp
4,500 - 5,000 K
Cool white
5,000 K
Midday sun
5,500 - 5,800 K 5,600 - 7,000 K 6,500 - 7,500 K 8,000 - 12,000 K
Fluorescent tube (daylight)
Overcast sky
Blue sky
CONTENTS
L.7
LIGHTING SYSTEMS
LINCOLN SENTRY
L.6
LIGHTING SYSTEMS
Dimension data and specifications may change without notification.
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