Biomass sources and applications Biomass can be sourced from virtually any environment where organic material is found— forests, farms, cities, factories, and even aquatic systems. This broad availability makes it a uniquely versatile renewable energy source, adaptable to diverse regional and industrial contexts.
The way biomass is used varies significantly depending on its form. Solid biofuels are well-suited for heat and power generation, particularly in rural or industrial settings. Liquid biofuels, on the other hand, are ideal for transportation, as they integrate easily into existing fuel infrastructure. Agricultural biomass stands out for its flexibility and impact — capable of powering homes and vehicles, enriching soils, and even replacing plastics and construction materials — delivering both environmental and economic benefits.
Beyond its immediate applications, biomass supports circular economy models by transforming waste into valuable resources. When responsibly sourced and managed, biomass contributes significantly to carbon reduction strategies and net-zero commitments. However, its sustainability depends on careful planning, traceability, and a balanced approach to land use and resource efficiency. That’s where SGS can help.
Table 1.1. Industry vs. biomass application Application(s)
Industry Agriculture
Industry Forestry
Application(s)
Biogas from manure, food waste, and crop residues power on-farm energy systems. Sustainable Aviation Fuels (SAF), made from biomass, help cut emissions in air travel. Biomass forms the basis for sustainable alternatives to petroleum-based products. Wood residues are used to produce bio-based insulation panels, boards, composites. Wood chips, pellets, sawdust, and logs can deliver renewable heat and electricity.
Forestry operation by-products are used to reduce reliance on external energy sources. Black liquor from pulping is used to generate steam and electricity within mills. Bioethanol, biodiesel, and hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO) fuel vehicles. Organic waste, once treated, generates reusable biogas, compost, and fertilizers.
Aviation
Pulp & paper Transport
Biochemicals & bioplastics Construction
Waste management
Energy & power
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