ىوامش
4 . Basheer M Nafi, The Rise and Decline of the Arab-Islamic Reform Movement (London: ICIT, 2000), 17-37. 3 . Russell Kirk, The Conservative Mind From Burke to Eliot (Chicago: Regnery Books, 1986), 15. 1 . حول الأفغاني، عبده، ورضا، انظر: Albert Hourani, Arabic Thought in the Liberal Age, 1798-1939 (London: Oxford University Press, 1962), 103-160 and 222-244.
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