demographics
CHARTING A NEW COURSE
Increasingly, Canada’s new permanent resident additions are people who are already living in the country on a temporary basis— but that doesn’t mean fewer immigrants are entering the country.
The path that most new permanent residents to Canada take has been changing in recent years. Pre-pandemic, on average, just 27% of new permanent residents were already living in Canada on a temporary permit while almost three-quarters of new immigrants were new to Canada. The typical path at that time was for permanent residents to apply for a permit from overseas and enter the country, PR card in hand. Temporary permit holders were more likely to come and go for the duration of their permits or longer if they extended. That path has changed now with the majority of new permanent residents coming from within Canada. Now, the typical path for
immigrants is one where they come to Canada first on a temporary permit, then apply for permanent residency while already in the country. While the number of permanent residents that already live in Canada is increasing, this hasn’t slowed population growth—quite the opposite, as we explored the growth in temporary permits in the last section. This is also why the number of total permits is higher than actual net international migration, even when accounting for emigration, because so many immigrants to Canada now end up getting more than one permit as they move from being temporary residents to permanent ones.
CANADA’S TOP SOURCE OF IMMIGRANTS IS…CANADA
100%
90%
31%
80%
45%
59%
70%
62%
70%
70%
72%
79%
60%
50%
40%
69%
30%
55%
20%
41%
38%
30%
30%
28%
21%
10%
0%
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023 (YTD Jul)
233,155 63,215
205,215 81,320
255,475 95,580
238,400 102,775
114,140 70,455
126,205 279,840
259,875 177,735
138,210 165,745
NET NEW ALREADY IN CANADA
ALREADY IN CANADA
IMPLIED NET NEW
SOURCE: IMMIGRATION, REFUGEES, AND CITIZENSHIP CANADA & RENNIE INTELLIGENCE DATA: PERMANENT RESIDENT PERMITS ISSUED BY ORIGIN, ANNUAL, CANADA
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