A critical review on current challenges in analysis of microplastics (MPs) from food samples Dhruti Patel, Pinal S. Bhavsar, Anil H. Gore UKA Urasadia University, India Microplastics (MPs) are a new type of food contamination. At many stages of food growth, harvesting, collection, processing, and storage, MPs contamination of food is quite likely. Therefore, appropriate, exact, and accurate analytical procedures for MP extraction and analysis from food samples are required. Researchers from all across the world have created organized techniques for MPs analysis. The existing difficulties in analyzing MPs in solid and liquid samples are critically examined in this review, with an emphasis on food products that have the highest risk of MPs contamination. Our analysis of the literature found that many researchers have used mild- to-harsh chemical solutions for the digestion of interfering matrices during the extraction of MPs from various types of food samples, including nitric acid, hydrogen peroxide, potassium hydroxide, and sodium hydroxide. The four most common polymer types detected in food are polyethylene (PE), polystyrene (PS), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and polypropylene (PP). Additionally covered in detail are identification methods like Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The selection of an appropriate membrane for the extraction and identification of MPs from various food matrices is made easier thanks to this review. The review article gives knowledge on the existence of MPs in food samples and their toxicities while also generalizing the combination of approaches that are more suited for the detection of MPs in food. References 1. A.L. Andrady, Microplastics in the marine environment, Marine Pollution Bulletin, 62 (2011) 1596-1605. 2. H. Zhang, Transport of microplastics in coastal seas, Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 199 (2017) 74-86. 3. L. Wang, W.-M. Wu, N.S. Bolan, D.C. Tsang, Y. Li, M. Qin, D. Hou, Environmental fate, toxicity and risk management strategies of nanoplastics in the environment: Current status and future perspectives, Journal of hazardous materials, 401 (2021) 123415. 4. P. Garcia-Muñoz, D. Robert, A.M. Ruppert, N. Keller, Chapter 1 - Microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs): Introduction, in: R.D. Tyagi, A. Pandey, P. Drogui, B. Yadav, S. Pilli (Eds.) Current Developments in Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Elsevier, 2023, pp. 1-32. 5. D. Peixoto, C. Pinheiro, J. Amorim, L. Oliva-Teles, L. Guilhermino, M.N. Vieira, Microplastic pollution in commercial salt for human consumption: A review, Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 219 (2019) 161-168. 6. K.D. Cox, G.A. Covernton, H.L. Davies, J.F. Dower, F. Juanes, S.E. Dudas, Human consumption of microplastics, Environmental science & technology, 53 (2019) 7068-7074. 7. C. Dessì, E.D. Okoffo, J.W. O’Brien, M. Gallen, S. Samanipour, S. Kaserzon, C. Rauert, X. Wang, K.V. Thomas, Plastics contamination of store-bought rice, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 416 (2021) 125778.
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