Determining the salinity of groundwater in K.Male’, Maldives Aishath Shaira, Fathmath Rafal The Maldives National University, Maldives Due to the low elevation and small surface area for the island in Maldives, the groundwater resource are under threat. These threats include, land surface pollution, population increase, sea-level rise, and anthropogenic stress such as groundwater mining. Under the influence of marine over wash events, seawater can drain through the thin layer of soil into the groundwater present 1-1.5m from the surface resulting in salinization. This study aims to determine the salinity of the groundwater in K.Male’ obtained various households and wells and then compared to groundwater sample taken from feed water prior to entering the Reverse Osmosis plant from the Maldives Water and Sewerage Company (MWSC). The feed water sample is from various boreholes spread throughout the city with an average depth of about 40 m and was taken to compare with the other samples to note how salinity changes with depth. A total of 16 samples were taken for this study. Salinity was determined by measuring Electric Conductivity (EC) and Total Dissolved Solids (TDS). Other parameters measured included temperature, pH, Dissolved Oxygen (DO) and Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD). The samples were then analyzed by comparing it to water quality guidelines provided by the World Health Organization and other published research to determine if the ground water samples in Male’ are low saline, brackish, highly saline or fresh. References 1. World Health Organization. (2018). A global overview of national regulations and standards for drinking-water quality . World Health Organization. Include the date accessed https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/272345. a.Deng, C. (2016). Assessing impacts of rainfall patterns, population growth, and sea level rise on groundwater supply in the Republic of the Maldives (Doctoral dissertation, Colorado State University). 2. Jaleel, M. I., Ibrahim, S. A., Hussain, A., Mustafa, M., & Pathirana, A. (2020). A Screening Approach for Assessing Groundwater Quality for Consumption in Small Islands: Case Study of 45 Inhabited Islands in the Maldives. Water , 12 (8), 2209. https://doi.org/10.3390/w12082209 date accessedDeng, C. (2016). Asessing Impacts of Rainfall Patterns, Population Growth, and Sea Level Rise on Grounwater Supply in the Republic of Maldives [Colorado State University]. https://mountainscholar.org/bitstream/handle/10217/176726/Deng_colostate_0053N_13766.pdf?sequence=4Deng, C., & Bailey, R. T. (2017). Assessing groundwater availability of the Maldives under future climate conditions. Hydrological Processes , 31 (19), 3334–3349. https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.11246Kang, M., Perrone, D., Wang, Z., Jasechko, S., & Rohde, M. M. (2020). Base of fresh water, groundwater salinity, and well distribution across California. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences , 117 (51), 32302–32307. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2015784117 3. Meride, Y., & Ayenew, B. (2016). Drinking water quality assessment and its effects on residents health in Wondo genet campus, Ethiopia. Environmental Systems Research , 5 (1), 1. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40068-016-0053-6Bailey, R. T., Khalil, A., & Chatikavanij, V. (2015). Estimating Current and Future Groundwater Resources of the Maldives. JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association , 51 (1), 112–122. https://doi.org/10.1111/jawr.12236Sallam, G. A. H., & Elsayed, E. A. (2018). Estimating relations between temperature, relative humidity as independed variables and selected water quality parameters in Lake Manzala, Egypt. Ain Shams Engineering Journal , 9 (1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asej.2015.10.002
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