Drug release mechanism of hydrogel biomaterials: bacterial cellulose/carrageenan Jacinta Serah Botleng, Roselyn Lata, David Rohindra School of Agriculture, Geography, Environment, Oceans and Natural Sciences, The University of the South Pacific, Fiji Owing to their biocompatibility and tunable characteristics, hydrogels have gained elevated interest as a means of drug delivery and wound dressings in an innovative way. The use of natural biomaterials may lead to cost savings in health care due to their biocompatibility and biodegradable properties. This work is aligned with Sustainable development goal three (SDG 3); Good Health and Well-Being. This research involves the modification and characterization of bacterial cellulose (BC) / kappa (κ) carrageenan hydrogel and evaluate its behavior in simulated gastrointestinal fluids, specifically focusing on swelling and in-vitro drug release kinetics. The preparation of the hydrogel was carried out using ex-situ modification method involving the integration of bacterial cellulose and (κ) carrageenan. Hydrogel were formulated by changing the ratio of bacterial cellulose and (κ) carrageenan (BC: κC) respectively. The resulting hydrogel was characterized using Fourier-Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Swelling studies was carried out in simulated gastrointestinal fluids, mimicking the pH variations and ionic strengths present along the gastrointestinal tract. Results obtained shows that hydrogel with highest percent of (κ) carrageenan, 50:50 (BC; κC), had the highest water absorbing ability in pH 1, pH 4, pH 6.8, and pH 7. BC membrane without κ carrageenan exhibited the lowest swelling ability in all body fluids. In-vitro drug release studies were conducted using quetiapine fumarate as the model drug. The release kinetic study was investigated for the evaluation of the hydrogel’s capability for sustained drug delivery. Results demonstrated that for all different body fluids the hydrogels with highest amount of BC, 80:20 (BC; κC), releases more drug into the medium following different kinetic models for different body fluids. At pH 1, the hydrogel followed Higuchi model. Whereby the drug released into the medium was facilitated by diffusion mechanism. The drug release in acetate medium (pH 4.5), follows the Korsemeyer-Peppas, whereby several release mechanisms are involved in delivering of the drug out of the BC matrix into the medium or targeted region for pharmaceutical uses. At pH 6.8, and pH 7 the hydrogel follows the Higuchi model. Conclusively, the modification and characterization of the hydrophilic BC/ (κ) carrageenan hydrogel showed its potential as a significant platform for drug delivery applications in the gastrointestinal conditions, contributing to SDG 3’s main objective of maintaining healthy living and promoting well-being for all. The results reveal this hydrogel-based drug delivery systems as a development for enhanced therapeutic outcomes, allowing the accomplishment of global goal for good health and well-being for all.
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