Isolation and characterization of xylopic acid from xylopia aethiopica and its antioxidant properties Avoseh Opeyemi Nudewhenu, Akpovwovwo Ifeanyichukwu Efetobore, Odesanya Olaide Ganiyat Department of Chemistry, Lagos State University, Nigeria Xylopia aethiopica (Negro Pepper), a family Annonaceae is an indigenous spice in Nigeria and other African countries 1 . The aim of the study is to isolate and characterise xylopic acid, and evaluate their antioxidant properties. The extracts were obtained using sequential solvent extraction and was further subjected to Column chromatography and the isolate obtained was characterized using Melting point, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (H-NMR), and Fourier Transform Infra-Red spectroscopy (FTIR). The antioxidant activities were evaluated with 2,2 -diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), Nitric oxide (NO), and Reducing Power. Xylopic acid; white crystalline solid with a yield of 90 mg w/w and melting point of 210-214 o C. The FTIR shows an -OH band at 3257 cm -1 , CH stretch of CH 3 at 2929 cm -1 , -C=O at 1606 cm -1 and -C-O at 1036 cm -1 . The 1 H-NMR shows carboxylic -OH at 12.01 ppm, terminal –C=C at 4.92 ppm and 4.77 ppm and α-H at 2.07 ppm 2 . The total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of the isolate was 24.91± 0.04 mg/100 g. The rate of inhibition of the oxidants in all the assays increases as the concentration of the isolate increases, with a very high inhibition rate than the extracts 3 . In summary, the fruits of X. aethiopica contains phytochemicals with potential antioxidant properties and can be a potential candidate as food supplementary or drugs 4 . References 1. El-Kamali, H.H.; Adam, H.O. Aromatic Plants from the Sudan: Part II. Chemical Composition of the Essential Oil of Xylopia Aethiopica (Dunal)A.Rich. - Existence of Chemotype Species. Adv. Nat. Appl. Sci. 2009, 3, 166–169. 2. Koomson, A.E.; Kukuia, K.K.E.; Amoateng, P.; Biney, R.P.; Tagoe, T.A.; Mensah, J.A.; Ameyaw, E.O.; Torbi, J.; Amponsah, S.K. Extract of Xylopia Aethiopica and Its Kaurene Diterpene, Xylopic Acid, Improve Learning and Memory in Mice. IBRO Neurosci. Reports 2022, 12, 249–259, doi:10.1016/j.ibneur.2022.03.006. 3. Konan, N.; Kouame, B.A.; Mamyrbekova-Bekro, J.A.; Nemlin, J.; Yves-Alain, B. Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Activities of Essential Oils of Xylopia Aethiopica (Dunal) a. Rich. Eur. J. Sci. Res. 2009, 37, 311–318. 4. Daniel, A.D.; Sylvia Urban; Ute Roessner A Historical Overview of Natural Products in Drug Discovery. Metabolites 2012, 2, 303–336, doi:10.3390/metabo2020303.
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