Enhancing orthopaedic surgical safety: bioactive glass as a carrier for the localized delivery of teicoplanin to the fracture fixation surgical sites Humera Sarwar, Aaron Courtenay, Heather Coleman, Deborah Lowry School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ulster University, Northern Ireland, UK Introduction: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has become a growing concern in healthcare, posing significant challenges in treating and preventing surgical site infections (SSIs). Bioactive glass have shown great potential in preventing and treating SSIs through various mechanisms, such as providing a physical barrier against bacteria, releasing antimicrobial agents, or promoting tissue healing. Bioactive glass is a unique type of glass that can interact with biological tissues, promoting tissue regeneration and preventing bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation. This property makes bioactive glass an attractive material for use in medical devices, including drug delivery systems. Recent studies have shown that bioactive glass-based delivery systems for targeted antibiotic delivery are effective in preventing and treating SSIs. The combination of bioactive glass with antibiotics is an area of active research, and it has potential benefits for the treatment of infections arising during bone repair and surgeries. Methods: Bioglass core 45s5 was coated with trehalose at ratios of 1:1, 1:2, and 1:3. The resulting mixture was stirred, centrifuged, and washed with PBS buffer. The coated particles were collected, lyophilized, and loaded with 0.5% w/v, 1% w/v and 1.5% w/v Teicoplanin solution. The particles were then analysed for loading efficiency, size distribution, and zeta potential. In vitro drug release was carried out using a dialysis tubing method for 168 hours, and the samples were analysed on a FLUOstar Omega microplate reader at 280 nm. Antimicrobial characteristics were analysed using the zone of inhibition assays and the pH of blank and loaded particles were tested in SBF for 7, 14 and 21 days. Invitro testing of Bioglass 45s5 coated with trehalose were carried out in SBF to identify the hydroxyapatite forming behaviour of Bioglass. Results: Upon analysis, it was found that most of the formulation size distribution was approximately 700 d.nm. A decrease in the polydispersity index (PDI) was observed after the loading of Teicoplanin, which may be attributed to the reduction in surface tension of ceramic nanoparticles due to the addition of drug up to a certain concentration. Furthermore, it was observed that the formulation (composed of BG45s5 with trehalose (1:3) loaded with 0.5%, 1% and 1.5% teicoplanin respectively) having a mean size of 331.62 nm ± 81.3, 428.22 ± 22.54, 671.07 ± 73.99 exhibited a significant (p<0.005) antimicrobial activity when tested against ATCC-4330 (Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus) and ATCC-6538 (Staphylococcus aureus) strains. The FTIR results after immersion in SBF for 7,14 and 21 days showed the formation of hydroxyapatite indicated by spectral peaks at around 600-1000 cm-1. Conclusion: In conclusion, Bioglass demonstrates unique properties that make it a promising biomaterial for the prevention and treatment of infections. References 1. Allegranzi B, et al. Lancet Infect Dis. 2016 ;16(12): e276-e287.
2. Hench LL, et al. J Biomed Mater Res. 1973 ;7(3):25-42. 3. Hasan J, et al. Trends Biotechnol. 2013;31(5):295-30
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