Multimetallic nanohybrids as potential antimicrobial agents with extensive microbe coverage to be used in personal care products P.N. Yapa 1 , I. Munaweera 1 , L. Weerasinghe 1 , C. Sandaruwan 2 , M.M. Weerasekera 3 1 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri Lanka, 2 Sri Lanka Institute of Nanotechnology (SLINTEC), Sri Lanka, 3 Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri Lanka Public health is greatly impacted by personal protective equipment (PPE) and personal hygiene products like sanitary napkins and diapers. Antimicrobial agents possess a potential to be incorporated into them to get secured against different pathogenic infections. Most affluent nations can afford them, whereas third-world nations face a number of obstacles in acquiring PPE and other personal hygiene products due to their inefficient supply, high prices, and the use of expensive and sophisticated manufacturing technologies. Therefore, regardless of socioeconomic factors, a constant and affordable supply of PPE and personal hygiene products for every person in the world is essential. Consequently, it is essential to develop new antimicrobial agents that are cost-effective for use in PPE and personal hygiene products 1 . Nanotechnology, which has revolutionized several areas in health-related issues, have grabbed the attention of the scientific arena to develop novel antimicrobial agents by metallic nanoparticles. In this study, three types of metallic nanohybrids—silver (Ag), copper (Cu), and cobalt (Co)—were doped into silica nanoparticles, combined, compared, and evaluated as antimicrobial agents based on their individual activity and synergistic activity. The synthesized nanohybrids were characterized structurally and morphologically. The crystalline phase of the metal nanohybrids were confirmed by using the X-ray diffractograms (XRD) analysis. The formation of the metal-oxygen bonds and the relevant peak positions were analyzed by Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopic analysis. The successful incorporation of metals in silanol network was confirmed by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopic analysis (XPS). Using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), the morphology of nanohybrids was characterized and their nanoscale dimensions were confirmed. Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) were utilized to analyze the metal concentrations in synthesized nanohybrids. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC), IC 50 values and fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) of metal nanohybrids were determined and compared. Well diffusion assay was conducted against both ATCC cultures and clinical samples of gram-positive bacteria; Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Streptococcus pneumoniae (ATCC 49619), MRSA, gram-negative bacteria; Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC BAA 1706) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) and fungi; Candida albicans (ATCC 10231). Trimetallic nanohybrids had the strongest synergistic radical scavenging performance when compared to monometallic nanoparticles, according to the DPPH (2,2 diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazil) assay. Ultimately, it was demonstrated that the synthesized multimetallic nanohybrid has significant potential as an emerging and cost-effective antimicrobial agent with extensive microbe coverage. In addition, it was demonstrated that it could be utilized in PPE and personal hygiene products. References 1. Karim, N., Afroj, S., Lloyd, K., Oaten, L.C., Andreeva, D.V., Carr, C., Farmery, A.D., Kim, I.-D. and Novoselov, K.S. (2020). Sustainable Personal Protective Clothing for Healthcare Applications: A Review. ACS Nano , 14(10), pp.12313–12340.
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