Potential toxicity of phthalates and heavy metals lixiviated from plastic types in water environment O.O Kehinde¹, O.S Shokunbi², A.YOriji 1 ¹Federal University of Technology Akure Ondo State, ²Babcock University Ogun State The omnipresent attribute of plastic waste in our daily lives has led to concerns regarding the potential adverse effects of plastic waste on the environment and human health. The aim of this study is to elucidate the potential toxicity associated with phthalate compounds (dimethyl phthalate, diethyl phthalate and benzyl butyl phthalate) and heavy metals (Chromium – Cr, Iron – Fe, Lead – Pb, Tin – Sn, and Zinc – Zn) lixiviated from various plastic types in an aquatic environment. A simulation experiment was set up under normal atmospheric weather conditions to study the extent to which compounds of phthalates and heavy metals can be lixiviated from various plastic types (polymers 1 – 7). 25g of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), high-density polyethylene (HDPE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), low-density polyethylene (LDPE), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS) and others, denoted by P1, P2, P3, P4, P5, P6, and P7, respectively were placed in beakers with water in an outdoor environment for 6 months. Water samples for extraction of phthalates and digestion for metal analysis were obtained in triplicates. Phthalates were extracted using a C18 solid-phase extraction cartridge. And digestion of water samples was completed using aqua regia (HCl: HNO3, ratio 3:1). Compounds of phthalates and heavy metals were analyzed with GC-MS and ICP-OES, respectively. The mean concentration of dimethyl phthalate is (0.23 ± 0.01, 0.24 ± 0.03, 0.29 ± 0.01, 0.31 ± 0.01, 0.25 ± 0.01, 0.26 ± 0.00 and 0.25 ± 0.00), diethyl phthalate (0.31 ± 0.06, 0.3 ± 0.00, 1.35 ± 0.05, 1.64 ± 0.01, 0.67 ± 0.28, 0.57 ± 0.03, and 0.81 ± 0.01), and benzyl butyl phthalate (0.22 ± 0.01, 0.22 ± 0.00, 0.41 ± 0.01, 0.31 ± 0.02, 0.43 ± 0.08, 0.35 ± 0.02 and 0.38 ± 0.03) in P1 - P7. The metal concentrations (ppm) in polymers P1 – P7 were Cr (0.0167 ± 0.00, 0.0164 ± 0.00, 0.0192 ± 0.00, 0.0159 ± 0.00, 0.0168 ± 0.00, 0.0168 ± 0.00, 0.0345 ± 0.00); Fe (0.0490 ± 0.02, 0.0600 ± 0.04, 0.0596 ± 0.00, 0.0728 ± 0.08, 0.1144 ± 0.01, 0.1401 ± 0.13, 0.3499 ± 0.32); Pb (0.0786 ± 0.00, 0.0763 ± 0.00, 0.0944 ± 0.01, 0.0944 ± 0.001, 0.1263 ± 0.01, 0.0718 ± 0.01, 0.0558 ± 0.04, 0.1127 ± 0.03); Sn (0.0113 ± 0.00, 1.7783 ± 2.48, 0.3165 ± 0.24, 0.0085 ± 0.01, 0.0048 ± 0.01, 0.0016 ± 0.00, 0.0022 ± 0.00 ), and Zn (0.0137 ± 0.00, 0.0089 ± 0.00, 0.0284 ± 0.01, 0.0470 ± 0.01, 0.0320 ± 0.01, 0.0412 ± 0.03, 0.0462 ± 0.03). In conclusion, the extraction of phthalates and heavy metals from plastic types into the water environment presents potential risks to both ecosystems and human health. References 1. Gkrillas, A.,Dirven, H., Papadopoulou, E., Andreassen, M., Hjertholm, H., Husoy, T. (2021). 2. Exposure estimates of phthalates and DINCH from foods and personal care products in comparison with biomonitoring data in 24-hour urine from the Norwegian EuroMix biomonitoring study. Environ. Int.,155, p.106598,10.1016/j.envint.2021.106598
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