Utilizing the fungal strain Trichoderma asperellum for fermentative extraction of polyphenolic compounds from the leaves and stems of Larrea tridentata
Muyideen Bamidele, Sandoval J. Cortes, María L. Flores-López, Olga Berenice Álvarez Pérez, Monica L. Chavez, Cristóbal N. Aguilar Autonomous University of Coahuila, Mexico
Fungi are a common cause of fruit spoilage, and various methods have been employed to address their harmful effects. However, these techniques often have undesirable side effects. For instance, chemical fungicides can have long-term consequences for both the environment and human health. To combat this issue, researchers have turned to plant-derived bioactive compounds, which offer promising solutions for controlling pre- and post harvest pathogens. In a recent study, the stems and leaves of Larrea tridentata were subjected to different extraction techniques, including maceration, ultrasound, So xhlet extraction, and hydrodistillation. Additionally, solid-state fermentation (SSF) with Trichoderma asperellumas an inoculant and liquid-state fermentation (LSF) with Czepek broth were performed. The total hydrolyzable tannin content of each extract was determined and further characterized using high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). The extracts were then evaluated for their ability to inhibit the growth of plant-damaging fungi, specifically Fusarium oxysporum and Alternaria alternata, in vitro. The LSF extracts demonstrated the highest polyphenolic content, with the stems reaching their peak at 36 hand leaves at 72 h, measuring 0.575 and 0.742 mg GAE/g, respectively. The ethyl acetate Soxhlet extracts of the stems and leaves displayed values of 1.141 and 3.42 mg GAE/g,respectively. When tested in vitro, the ethyl acetate extracts from both stems and leaves exhibited significant inhibition against F. oxysporum, with inhibitions of 72.83% and79.46%, respectively. Similarly, they inhibited the growth of A. alternataby 64.18% and68.22%, respectively. HPLC-MS analysis revealed the presence of NDGA, luteolin,quercetin, and caffeic acid 4-O-glucoside in the extracts. Notably, the leaves ofL. tridentata contained higher levels of hydrolyzable tannins and showed potential as a source of antifungal agents against phytopathogenic fungi. References 1. Thambugala, K. M., Daranagama, D. A., Phillips, A. J. L., Kannangara, S. D., & Promputtha, I. (2020). Fungi vs.Fungi in Biocontrol: An Overview of Fungal Antagonists Applied Against Fungal Plant Pathogens. Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, 10. 2. Gutiérrez-Cortés, C., Suárez, H., Buitrago Hurtado, G., & Díaz-Moreno, C. (2017). Isolation and evaluation of the antagonist activity of lactic acid bacteria in raw cow milk. Agronomía Colombiana, 35(3), 374–381.
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© The Author(s), 2023
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