Calcination parameters of calcium oxide (CaO) catalyst on biodiesel production of waste cooking oil and palm kernel (elaeis guineensis) oil Nkiruka Nancy Duru , Akuzuo Ofoefule, U. S, Oruma Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, University of Nigeria, Nigeria The transesterification of waste cooking oil (WCO) and palm kernel oil (PKO) was conducted using calcium oxide (CaO) catalyst. The process parameters: calcination temperature (ºC) (400, 500, 600, 700, 800), calcination time (min) (60, 120, 180, 240, 300), reaction temperature (ºC) (50, 55, 60, 65, 70) and reaction time (min) (50, 60, 70, 80, 90) were optimized using central composite design (CCD) with 30 experimental runs. Physico-chemical properties of the oils and diesel properties of the biodiesel (waste cooking oil methyl ester (WCOME) and palm kernel oil methyl ester (PKOME)) were analyzed using standard methods. The uncalcined and calcined catalysts were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), while biodiesel samples were analyzed using FTIR and GC-MS techniques to confirm the conversion of oil triglycerides to fatty acid methyl esters. The FTIR identified the functional groups while the GC-MS showed the fatty acid methyl esters present in each biodiesels. The process parameters for the PKOME and WCOME with the CaO were optimized using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) to obtain the highest yield. The predicted values output were established to be in good agreement with the experimental values. The results of the physico-chemical properties of WCOME and PKOME showed improved fuel qualities upon transesterification of the WCO and PKO. The results of the experimental validated process parameters indicated that the CaO-catalyzed transesterification of WCO to produce WCOME, gave the highest yield of about 95 % wt at the conditions of 505.84 ºC calcination temperature, 218.94 min calcination time, 61.02 ºC reaction temperature and 65.02 min reaction time, while for PKO to produce PKOME gave highest yield of about 80% wt at conditions of 652.11 ºC calcination temperature, 203.77 min calcination time, 55.59 ºC reaction temperature and 69.27 min reaction time. Overall results indicated that WCOME gave higher optimization yield while PKOME gave better biodiesel quality because the kinematic viscosity, free fatty acid values were lower when compared to WCOME. References 1. Benjamin, O. I., Ibrahim, A. A., Mueuji, D., Junaid, H. A., Okpalaeke, K. E. and Betiku, E., (2017). Optimization of biodiesel production from Thevetia peruviana seed oil by adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system coupled with genetic algorithm and response surface methodology. Energy Conversion and Management. 132, 231-240. 2. Jabbar, G., Mohammed, R., Ali, H., Xiaojun, L. and Abdul-Sattar, N.,(2019). Advances in nano-catalysts based biodiesel production from non-food feedstocks. Journal of Environmental Management. 249, 109316 3. Ofuefule, A. U., Esonye, C., Onukwuli, O. D., Nwaeze, E. and Ume, C. S., (2019). Modeling and optimization of African pear seed oil by esterification and transesterification using artificial neural network and response surface methodology comparative study analysis. Industrial Crops and Products. 140: 111706, 1-16 4. Sridevi, V., Pyla, S., Satyanarayana, P. A., Venkat, R. P., Satyanarayana. M. P. V. and Husam, T. H , (2020). Transesterification Studies on Non-Edible and Edible Oil for Production of Biodiesel- Optimization using Response Surface Methodology. Materials Science and Engineering. 872(1):012166
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