Valorization of agro-waste into carbon/biopolymeric hydrogel for adsorptive removal of Doxo.HCL pollutants : a circular economy tactic for wastewater treatment Pooja Devre, Anil H. Gore Tarsadia Institute of Chemical Science, Uka Tarsadia University, India The existing work aims to evaluate the efficiency of bioderived hydrogel for adsorption of pollutants that prepared from gelatin and alginate as a polymer matrix and agricultural waste derived biochar. The prepared MSAC@ GE-SA (maize stalk activated carbon@gelatin- alginate) was explored for removal of doxorubicin hydrochloride (Doxo.HCL) from polluted water. The structural properties, presence of surface functional groups as well as the elemental composition were explored using XRD, SEM, BET, FT-IR and XPS techniques. The adsorption parameters (concentration, adsorbent dose, pH, and contact time) were successfully optimized for the effective removal of Doxo.HCL (q max = 239.41 mg g -1 ). The kinetic mechanism of MSAC@GE-SA fits well with a pseudo- second-order rate model (R 2 = 0.980), followed by mono- and multilayered Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms with coefficients of R 2 values of 0.991 and 0.993, respectively. The recyclability of MSAC@GE-SA showed the great stability without any physical damage and having sustained removal efficiency up to ten cycles (96.32% to 55.66%). The versatility of MSAC@GE-SA was further investigated for river, canal, and sewage water samples under the identical experimental conditions. The applicability of adsorbent conducted by spiking Doxo.HCL in industrial effluents via standard addition method and chemical oxygen demand (COD) of treated contaminants significantly reduced from 128 to 80 mg. L -1 . As followed the circular economy and conserving environment tactic after ten successful adsorption-desorption cycles disposal of spent MSAC@GE-SA as a fertilizer via zero waste and promoting plant growth of Vigna radiata instead of harming the root, shoot, and overall growth. The MSAC@ GE-SA as a sustainable, reusable, cost effective adsorbent material potentially applicable for pharmaceutical pollutants removal with successful circular economy approach.
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