Adsorption of industrial dyes onto acid-modified banana pseudo stem biomass (BPSB) Ruwan Dhananjaya 1 , J.U.Hettihewa 1 , U.K.Jayasundara 2 1 College of Chemical Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Ceylon, Sri Lanka, 2 University of Maine at Presque Isle, Presque Isle ME, USA The toxicity of industrial dyes is a major issue for both the environment and human health. The discharge of industrial dyes into water bodies such as rivers and oceans has produced several health-related concerns. As a result, scientists are working on finding economical and environmentally friendly procedures to remove these industrial dyes from water bodies. Adsorption has been used in industrial processes for water purification. In this study, the adsorption of acid red (AR1), bromocresol green, and congo red dyes onto acid-modified banana pseudo stem biomass (BPSB) was investigated. The batch sorption studies were performed by varying the operating parameters such as concentration, pH, dosage, contact time, and temperature. The optimal values for the AR1, bromocresol green, and congo red were found to be 23 ppm, 25 ppm, and 60 ppm, respectively. The maximum adsorption capacity for AR1 occurs at pH 2 while, bromocresol green and congo red occurred at pH 4. The optimum dosage for AR1 was 0.4 g while bromocresol green was 0.5 g and congo red was 0.4 g. The highest adsorption capacity of acid-modified BPSB occurred in 180 minutes with 0.750 mg/g. For bromocresol green and congo red, the highest adsorption capacities occurred in 180 minutes and 90 minutes with 0.300 mg/g and 2.1700 mg/g, respectively. Though the acid red 1 did not demonstrate an optimum temperature bromocresol green and congo red yielded 60 ℃ and 40 ℃ optimum temperatures for the adsorption process. The surface morphology can be revealed by SEM photographs. The surface has changed to a homogeneous and smooth nature as shown after the adsorption process. The surface of the BPSB is likely to have changed because of the adsorption process. The dye solution has occupied all the sites. As a result, it will have a more uniform surface. To figure out the functional groups available in the sample, FT-IR analysis was performed to identify what functional groups were present in the sample and how the intensities changed before and after the adsorption process. In all cases, BPSB samples obeyed the pseudo-second-order kinetic models comparing the R 2 values and it happened as a chemisorption process. References 1. Vijayakumar, R. Removal of Colour from Textile Effluent by Adsorption Using Banana Stem and Coffee Husk : A Review. https://doi.org/10.9790/1684-1704013241. 2. Nandiyanto, A. B. D.; Azizah, N. N.; Rahmadianti, S. Isotherm Study of Banana Stem Waste Adsorbents to Reduce the Concentration of Textile Dying Waste. J. Eng. Res. 2021, 9, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.36909/jer.ASSEEE.16063. 3. Mondal, N. K.; Kar, S. Potentiality of Banana Peel for Removal of Congo Red Dye from Aqueous Solution: Isotherm, Kinetics, and Thermodynamics Studies. Appl. Water Sci. 2018, 8 (6), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-018-0811-x. 4. Al-Rudaini, K. A. Adsorption Removal of Rhodamine-B Dye from Aqueous Solution Using Rhamnus Stone as Low-Cost Adsorbent. J. Al-Nahrain Univ. 2017, 20 (1), 32–41. https://doi.org/10.22401/jnus.20.1.05.
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