Photocatalytic degradation of 2,4-D herbicides on melamine ligand coordinated Al Metal-Organic Frameworks incorporating Al ₂ O ₃ nanoparticle Mary Gojeh 1 , Adedibun C Tella 2 1 Department of Chemistry, University of Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria, 2 Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Kaduna State University, Kaduna State, Nigeria The composites Al-melamine (MOF), Al 2 O 3 , and Al-melamine MOFs Incorporating Al 2 O 3 nanoparticles were synthesized using solvothermal-hydrothermal and one-pot synthesis methods. The resulting samples were then dried overnight at different temperatures: 60 o C, 80 o C, and 80 o C for 24 hours, 20 hours, and 20 hours respectively. Functional, structural, adsorption, elemental, surface area, thermal stability, and morphological characterizations were conducted using various analytical techniques. These techniques included Fourier- transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area measurement (BET), scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM/EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermographic analysis (TGA), and UV-vis spectroscopy (UV-vis). The adsorption performance and photocatalytic activity of the samples were examined using 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), a chlorophenoxy herbicide, as a model for organic pollutants in water. The results obtained indicate that the Al-MOF Incorporating Al 2 O 3 nanoparticles exhibited superior photocatalytic activity compared to both the Al-MOF and Al 2 O 3 nanoparticles alone. This enhanced performance can be attributed to an increase in functional groups, an enlarged surface area, and improved thermal stability. References 1. Allendorf, M. D., Bauer, C. A., Bhakta, R. K. & Houk, R. J. T. Luminescent metal–organic frameworks. Chem. Soc. Rev. 38, 1330–1352 (2009). 2. Ameloot, R. et al. Metal–organic framework single crystals as photo active matrices for the generation of metallic micro structures. Adv. Mater. 23,1788–1791 (2011). 3. Li, J-R., Kuppler, R. J. & Zhou, H-C. Selective gas adsorption and separation in metal–organic frameworks. Chem. Soc. Rev. 38, 1477–1504 (2009). 4. Lee, J. Y. et al. Metal–organic framework materials as catalysts. Chem. Soc. Rev.38, 1450–1459 (2009). 5. Horcajada, P. et al. Porous metal–organic-framework nanoscale carriers as a potential platform for drug delivery and imaging. Nature Mater. 9,172–178 (2010). 6. Chae, H. K. et al. A route to high surface area, porosity and inclusion of large molecules in crystals. Nature 427, 523–527 (2004). 7. Zhao, D., et al., Tuning the topology and functionality of metal- organic frameworks by ligand design. Accounts of chemical research, 2010. 44(2): p. 123-133. 8. Suresh S., JJiban. P, Isha. D, Hydrthermal synthesysis of Zirconium oxide nanoparticles and its characterization, J Mater science: mater electron, 2016, DOI: 10.1007/s10854-01669-6 9. Zhuang, J., et al., Optimized metal–organic-framework nanospheres for drug delivery: evaluation of small-molecule encapsulation. ACS nano, 2014. 8(3): p. 2812-2819. 10. Sankha k., Janina D., Christoph J., Sirshendu D., Aluminium fumarate metal-organic framework: A super adsorbent for fluoride from water, Journal of Hazardous Materials. 303. 2016, 10- 20 11. Abdennouri, A. Elhalil, M. Farnane, H. Tounsadi, F.Z. Mahjoubi, R.Elmoubarki, M. Sadiq, L. Khamar, A. Galadi, M. Baalala, M. Bensitel, Y.El hafiane, A. Smith, N. Barka., Photocatalytic degradation of 2,4-D herbicide on Pt/TiO2 nanoparticle, journal of Saudi Chemical Society, (2015) 19, 485-493 12. J.J. Macias-Sanchez, L. Hinojosa-Reyes, A. Caballero-Quintero, W.De La Cruz, E. Ruiz-Ruiz, A. Hernandez- Ramirez and J.L. Guzman-Mar, Journal of Photochem. Photobio. Sci., 2015, 14, 536-542.
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