Effective removal of methylene blue using apple of calotropis procera Mary Gojeh, Ophelia Y. Patrick Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kaduna State University, Kaduna, Nigeria Characterization of powdered Calotropis procera leaves was studied extensively. Proximate Analysis, SEM, XRD, TGA/DTA, and FT-IR were some of the characterization techniques which was applied minutely on the Calotropis procera leaf prepared in order to predict its Surface morphology, functional groups, and thermal stability. This work focused on the removal of methylene blue dye using powdered Calotropis procera leaf. Using powdered Calotropis procera leaf the removal of methylene blue dye was studied by changing different parameters such as initial pH, initial adsorbent dosage, initial dye concentration & and contact time. Thus, the given Calotropis procera leaf prepared could be used extensively based on the results presented. Powdered Calotropis procera leaves adsorbent is suggested as a significant potential adsorbent, that could be an ideal alternative treatment for methylene blue dye removal from an aqueous solution; however, much work is necessary in the area of predicting the performance of the adsorption process for the dye removal from real textile effluents under the range of operating conditions. Further, there is scope for more study and research that can enhance the percentage removal of methylene blue dye and also, the economic feasibility of powdered Calotropis procera leaves for removal of the dye. References 1. Smith, John A. "Methylene Blue: Properties and Applications." Journal of Chemical Education, vol. 92, no. 7, 2015, pp. 1115- 1120. 2. Gupta, Ramesh C., et al. "Methylene Blue." Encyclopedia of Toxicology, vol. 3, Elsevier Science Ltd., 2014, pp. 103-105. 3. Sahu, Sushant, et al. "Methylene Blue: Revisited." Journal of Anaesthesiology Clinical Pharmacology, vol. 30, no. 4, 2014, pp. 472-477. 4. Rangel-Yagui, Carlota O., et al. "Methylene Blue: A Comprehensive Review." Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research, vol. 42, no. 5, 2009, pp. 359-367. 5. Al-Ghouti, M. A., Li, J., Salamh, Y., & Walker, G. M. (2013). Adsorption mechanisms of removing heavy metals and dyes from aqueous solution using date pits solid adsorbent. Journal of Environmental Management, 128, 910-920. (Print) 6. El-Sayed, G. O., & El-Moselhy, K. M. (2017). Removal of methylene blue dye from aqueous solution using Calotropis procera leaves powder: Kinetics and equilibrium studies. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 5(4), 3816-3824. (Web) 7. Garg, V. K., Gupta, R., & Yadav, A. B. (2004). Adsorption of basic dyes on low-cost adsorbents: a comparative study. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 113(1-3), 183-187. (Print) 8. Hameed, B. H., & Salman, J. M. (2009). Removal of methylene blue dye from aqueous solution by adsorption onto palm kernel fiber activated carbon: a study of equilibrium isotherm and kinetics. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 162(2-3), 848- 853. (Print) 9. Namasivayam, C., & Kadirvelu, K. (2002). Waste banana pith as adsorbent for color removal from wastewater. Chemosphere, 48(7), 761-767. (Print)
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