Multivariate analysis and hydrochemical characterization of groundwater quality of Kubanni river basin, Sabon Gari, Kaduna State, Nigeria Nnamdi Menkiti, Bakare Mariam Abidemi 1 , Oparah Eberechukwu Victoria 2 , Igbah Imaji Friday 3 1 Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria Nigeria, 2 Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria, 3 Department of Geography and Environmental Management, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria The current study describes the primary water source for the Zaria community in Kaduna State, Nigeria, which is located in the Kubanni River Basin. Piper, Gibbs, and Durov diagrams were used to explain the hydrogeochemistry and physical processes of the groundwater samples that were examined. The Ca 2+ -Na 2+ - Cl-HCO 3 type predominated in 87 % of the samples, according to the Piper plot, while the Ca-Na-Cl type predominance was higher in 13 % of the samples with normal alkaline earth water. The Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , Na + , and K + reverse ion exchange and simple mixing amongst these ions in the aquifer were the causes of the Durov plot indices, which showed the preponderance of alkali earth elements over normal alkali. Rock weathering was shown to be the predominant physical process in Gibbs' figure. Two principal components (PC1 and PC2), each accounting for 53.51 and 25.24 percent of the total, were obtained through PCA. 78.75% of the parameters with positive loadings > 0.75 on PC1 and PC2 were primarily in charge of hydrochemical processes. At 100, 90, and 90% of the samples, the SAR, salt content, and water quality index (WQI) all indicated that the samples were suitable for residential and irrigation use.
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© The Author(s), 2023
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