Appendix
Using non-verbal language Non-verbal language is essential to establish a good communication and convey messages eectively. Learning to Learn (page 73, activity 6)
(page 67, activity 6) Learning to Know Types of warnings and prohibitions A warning makes us aware of possible dangers.
Weak Warnings: They are similar to advice. We usually use should . E.g.: I don’t think you should eat in the street.
Prohibitions: They totally forbid an action. They include expressions such as ... is forbidden , ... not allowed , or they start with You must not. E.g.: • Entry to this building is forbidden. • You are not allowed to go inside. • You must not cross this line. Strong Warnings: They mention things that definitely imply a danger. We usually use don’t . E.g.: Don’t open the door when the car is moving.
Gesture: a movement of a part of your body (e.g., hands or head) to show what you mean or feel.
Facial expressions: gestures done with your face to express emotions.
Public Warning: They announce danger in public places. They usually start with the words: Caution, Warning, Danger, or Beware of . E.g.: • Caution: Flammable Materials • Warning: Private Property • Danger: Electricity • Beware of the dog
Body movements and posture: the way people sit, walk, stand, and move.
Using expressions to clarify meaning You can use the following expressions when you don’t understand what somebody is telling you: • What do you mean by...? • Excuse me? • Could you say that again, please?
• Could you repeat that, please? • Could you give us an example? • Could you be more specific, please?
(page 72, activity 1) (page 69 activity 5)
Learning to Do Writing conditional warnings and prohibitions
They are based on facts and used to express statements about real hazards and their consequences. We use the first conditional to talk about a possible situation or condition and its probable result. If you throw the ball at the window, it will break. (weak warning) You can also state prohibitions: If you hike in the woods, you must not feed the animals. Structure
If Clause
Main Clause
If subject verb complement comma subject
auxiliary verb complement
If
you cross
the street
,
you
should wait
for the green light.
Unit 7
117
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