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UNIT WALKTHROUGH
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The last two pages of every unit feature grammar reference, extra grammar practice activities, vocabulary lists, and phonetics.
Grammar Coach
Past simple
Past continuous
1 Complete the sentences with the correct past simple forms of the verbs given. 1 ( you / buy ) a denim jacket yesterday? No, I ( do ). 2 When Jack ( have ) his final exam in music school last year, he ( wear ) a suit and tie. 3 My sister ( not take ) a course in Spanish before she ( go ) on an exchange to Spain. 4 ( you / get ) a refund when you ( return ) that backpack with the broken zip to the shop? No, I ( do ). 5 We ( study ) all day yesterday and by the evening we ( be ) bored with being at home. 2 Find and correct the mistakes in the sentences. 1 Did they used to wear a uniform in primary school? 2 Women don’t use to wear shorts in public until after the 1940s. 3 I used wear patterned leggings when I was young. 4 This programme use to be very popular with schoolchildren. 5 Did it use to took you ages to get dressed on a morning?
3 Match the sentence halves. 1 I was trying on a hoodie
He liked/went to the new shopping centre. We didn’t like/go to the new shopping centre. Did you like/go to the new shopping centre? Yes, I did . / No, I didn’t .
subject + was / were + verb + ing subject + wasn’t / weren’t + verb + ing Was/Were + subject + verb + ing ? Yes, subject + was / were . No, subject + wasn’t / weren’t .
I was taking selfies.
subject + regular verb with - ed / irregular verb subject + didn’t + infinitive
Positive
2 Mia was riding a bike in the park 3 Fede was shopping for new shoes 4 While Ben was looking in a charity shop, 5 Kim was listening to music
Positive
You weren’t buying a belt. Were they wearing gloves?
Negative
Negative
Questions
a when she saw a colourful bird in a tree. b while she was doing her homework. c he found a stylish, second-hand jacket. d while his sister was looking for a bag. e when the changing room lights turned off. 4 Complete the sentences with the correct past
Did + subject + infinitive ?
Questions
Yes, they were . / No, they weren’t .
Short Answers
Short Answers
Yes, subject + did . No, subject + didn’t
We use the past continuous to: • talk about actions that were in progress, but not completed, in the past. We often mention a specific time. At 9 p.m. yesterday, I was looking at photos on my phone. • describe scenes in a story or description. The birds were singing and the leaves were moving in the wind . • talk about an activity in progress when another, shorter activity happened or interrupted it. We use the past simple for the shorter action. She lost her bracelet while she was running in the park. Some verbs, called state verbs, do not usually have a continuous form. These verbs describe our opinions, feelings, senses or possessions, e.g. think , understand , love , hate , see , have . I was liking/liked baggy clothes when I was ten years old. when and while We use when and while to connect two actions happening at the same time in the past. When when and while come at the beginning of the sentence, we use a comma: While / when we were taking selfies, we saw Tom. We can’t use while before the action in the past simple. We were taking selfies when / while we saw Tom.
We use the past simple to: • describe completed actions or situations in the past. We usually say when the action happened: I bought a new hoodie on Saturday. Did you see your friends last weekend? • describe something that was true for a period of time in the past. The Romans didn’t like wearing trousers. • say that one completed action happened after another in the past. I stopped buying cheap clothes after I saw a programme about fast fashion. Many common verbs are irregular, e.g. buy–bought , go–went , take–took . For a complete list, see page 151. Used to
simple or past continuous form of the verbs given. Then for each sentence, write another one starting with the word Fortunately or Unfortunately and using the past tense. 1 I (work) on my project on the computer when there (be) a power cut. 1 Fortunately, I didn’t lose any work. 2 I (lose) my phone while I (shop). 3 When I (walk) in the park, it (start) raining. 4 We (run) to the platform when the train (leave). 5 While we (play) basketball, my friend (fall) over.
subject + used to + infinitive subject + didn’t use to + infinitive Did + subject + use to + infinitive ? Yes, subject + did . No, subject + didn’t
I used to wear a tracksuit to school. He didn’t use to like going shopping. Did they use to buy designer labels? Yes, they did . / No, they didn’t .
Positive
Vocabulary Coach
Negative
Questions
Clothes and accessories XXX backpack /ˈbækpæk/ ■ belt /belt/ ■ bracelet /ˈbreɪslət/ earrings /ˈɪərɪŋz/ ■ gloves /ɡlʌvz/ ■ hoodie /ˈhʊdi/ leggings /ˈleɡɪŋz/ ■ necklace /ˈnekləs/ ■ ring /rɪŋ/ sandals /ˈsændlz/ ■ suit /suːt/ ■ tie /taɪ/ top /tɒp/ ■ tracksuit /ˈtræksuːt/ Describing clothes and styles XXX baggy /ˈbæɡi/ ■ bold /bəʊld/ ■ casual /ˈkæʒuəl/ cotton /ˈkɒtn/ ■ denim /ˈdenɪm/ designer labels /dɪˌzaɪnə ˈleɪblz/ ■ loud /laʊd/ patterned /ˈpætənd/ ■ plain /pleɪn/ second-hand /ˈsekənd hænd/ ■ stylish /ˈstaɪlɪʃ/ trendy /ˈtrendi/
Adjectives with prepositions 1
XXX
Short Answers
aware of /əˈweər ɒv/ ■ bored with /ˈbɔːd wɪð/ brilliant at /ˈbrɪliənt æt/ ■ famous for /ˈfeɪməs fɔː(r)/ full of /ˈfʊl ɒv/ ■ good at /ˈɡʊd æt/ happy with /ˈhæpi wɪð/ ■ popular with /ˈpɒpjələ(r) wɪð/ proud of /ˈpraʊd ɒv/ ■ quick at /ˈkwɪk æt/ ready for /ˈredi fɔː(r)/ ■ well-known for /ˌwel ˈnəʊn fɔː(r)/
We use used to to: • describe past habits and repeated actions in the past that don’t happen now: I used to play with toys every day when I was child. • describe something that was true in the past, but is different now. She used to like loud, patterned clothes. (Now she likes dark, plain clothes.) We can use the past simple instead of used to , but the past simple doesn’t emphasise that the action happened many times or that something is no longer true. My parents chose my clothes for me. / My parents used to choose my clothes for me.
Phrases with take XXX take a course (in) /teɪk ə kɔːs (ɪn)/ take ages /teɪk eɪdʒɪz/ take a look (at) /teɪk ə lʊk (æt)/
take a trip /teɪk ə trɪp/ take selfies /teɪk selfiz/
take some time /teɪk sʌm taɪm/ take your time /teɪk jə(r) taɪm/
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25 Unit 1
Workbook page 25 Workbook Cumulative review, page 14
Unit 1
Innovate B1 SB Batches 1 and 2_2.2.indb 24
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Innovate B1 SB Batches 1 and 2_2.2.indb 25
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