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UNIT WALKTHROUGH
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Grammar points are introduced through short, real-world texts, with the key point in bold.
video Grammar
Past simple and used to
Grammar
3 Complete the table with the past simple forms of the verbs below. carry ■ cry ■ decide ■ dress ■ eat ■ enjoy find ■ have ■ hope ■ like ■ live ■ love go ■ need ■ plan ■ play ■ put ■ see shop ■ spend ■ stay ■ stop ■ study ■ take talk ■ try ■ want ■ wash ■ worry
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COMMUNICATE Read the fact file. Are any of the facts surprising for you? Why?
Fact File
Did people start wearing trousers a long time ago? Did women use to wear trousers as often as men?
Regular verbs
Each grammar point includes an accompanying video.
Archeologists found the oldest pair of trousers in China. They were over 3,000 years old, and they used to belong to a soldier. #1 For centuries Romans didn’t like wearing trousers because they thought they were unattractive. They changed their minds after they arrived in the north of Europe and got cold! #2
verb + - ed
verb + - d
verb ending in consonant + - y , change y to i + -ed
In many countries women didn’t use to wear trousers until the 1930s when they started to work in factories and needed comfortable and warm clothes. #3
verb + double consonant + -ed
Irregular verbs
Western countries didn’t wear trousers to work or restaurants because it wasn’t allowed. #4
Until the 1970s, women in many
PRONUNCIATION
VIDEO We pronounce the past simple forms of regular verbs in three different ways: 1 / Ӏ d/ when the verb ends in /t/ or /d/ 2 /d/ when the verb ends in a voiced sound, e.g. /n/ or /v/ , or a vowel sound 3 /t/ when the verbs ends in a voiceless sound, e.g. /k/ , /p/ , /s/ and / ʃ / 4 07 Look at the regular verbs in exercise 3. Is the -ed ending in each verb pronounced as / Ӏ d/ , /d/ or /t/ ? Then listen, check and repeat. 5 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verb given. 1 When I (go) shopping last weekend, I (find) a T-shirt that I really (like) in my size. 2 I (want) to visit that new shop yesterday, but I (not have) time. 3 Amir (decide) to buy something special for his little sister’s birthday last year. He (not spend) much, but his sister (love) the present! 4 (you / see) the prices on that website? Everything is really expensive!
Pronunciation practice is provided via video or audio and can appear anywhere in the unit.
Past simple 2 Read the examples in the grammar box and complete rules 1–4. • Women started to work in factories. • Romans didn’t like wearing trousers. • Did people start wearing trousers a long time ago? • The trousers were over 3,000 years old. 1 With most regular past simple verbs, we add to the end of the verb. 2 To form the negative in the past simple, we use subject + didn’t + the of the verb. 3 To form questions in the past simple, we use Did + subject + the of the verb. 4 The past simple form of be is or in the affirmative, and or in the negative.
Unit 1 Grammar boxes present points clearly and concisely. 14
Grammar coach page 24
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Workbook
Innovate B1 SB Batches 1 and 2_2.2.indb 14
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