12
Global Renewables Capacity 2005 - 2017 with Projections to 2025
2500
6000
Figure 12: Growth of wind and solar capacity, and projected growth
Wind Wind Projection Solar PV
5000
2000
4000
Solar PV Projection Solar CST Projection Batteries Projection
1500
including storage to 2025
3000
1000
2000
500
1000
0
0
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025
Source: Future Smart Strategies
Rare earths account for approximately 30% of the materials (by weight) in a permanent magnet. A modern, high-powered turbine uses approximately 650kg/MW of permanent magnets. 21 This means that the permanent magnet for a 5MW high-powered turbine will include approximately 975kg of rare earth material. This is almost ten times the mass of rare earths used in older turbines, due to a redesign that dramatically simplifies the turbine manufacture, reduces the number of components, overall weight and significantly improves wind turbine reliability. 22
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Electric Vehicle Transition Global new vehicle annual sales to 2017 projected to 2030
Figure 13: Global projection annual car
100 110 120
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
sales and transition to electric vehicles including Hybrids, PHEVs and BEVs to 2030
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030
ICE Vehicles
Hybrid Plug-in hybrid EVs
Battery EVs
Source: Vehicle data OICA; Inside EVs; International Energy Agency; Future Smart Strategies (24 April 2018)
Similarly, the rapid growth in electrically powered transportation vehicles (e.g. scooters to ferries,
21 Pavel C., Lacal-Arantegui R., Marmier A., Schuler D., Tzimas E., Buchert M., Jensiet W., Blagoeva D., “Substitution strategies for reducing the use of rare earths in wind turbines”, Resources Policy, Vol 52, p349-357, https://reader.else- vier.com/reader/sd/408E915E7B100F83057CB4E05E82E1724244265661913473905CF84F9E6C36D01CCC24B8EE- A13A35FE0F7BB5F7AFA4E8 . (Accessed: 01 May 2018) 22 Hart K, McDonald A, Polinder H, Corr E, Carroll J, IMPROVED COST OF ENERGY COMPARISON OF PERMANENT MAGNET GENERATORS FOR LARGE OFFSHORE WIND TURBINES, https://repository.tudelft.nl/islandora/object/ uuid:10d2436b-f0f0-436c-999f-9bdff4600182/datastream/OBJ . Accessed: 01 May 2018)
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