Case Study of FMD Trans-Pool Movement: the emergence of SAT2 in the Middle East
Dr Cédric Dézier VPH Technical Service Director Veterinary Public Health Center Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health
A Fleeting Occurrence or an Impending Endemic Presence?
FMD is a very complex disease. To enhance the understanding and management of FMD, seven geographic pools have been established. (Map 1).
The seven pools
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Map 1: 7 Pools have been defined by experts according to epidemiological main features.
Geographic “pools” refer to the grouping of countries or regions based on the epidemiological characteristics of FMD. These pools are defined by the World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH, founded as OIE) and the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) - Table 1. Each pool is characterized by the presence of specific FMD virus serotypes and their epidemiological patterns. As already mentioned, the primary motivation for establishing geographic pools was to enhance the understanding and management of FMD. By categorizing regions based on the prevalent FMD virus serotypes and their epidemiological behaviours, it becomes easier to predict disease spread, plan control measures, and develop appropriate vaccines. This system allows for a more targeted and effective approach to FMD management,
thereby reducing the disease’s economic impact. It seems that the “Pool” concept is dynamic, with some well-known Trans-pool movements. In the early 2010s, a phenomenon known as ‘‘trans- pool’’ movements began to intensify. This refers to the movement of specific FMD virus types across different geographic pools. The first notable instance of this was the spread of the O/ME-SA/Ind-2001 type. Originally confined to the South-Asia region (Mainly India), the O/ME-SA/Ind-2001 type began to appear in regions outside its original geographic pool. This kind of unexpected movement could theoretically pose significant challenges to FMD management, as the existing vaccines in the newly affected regions were not designed to combat this specific type.
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