Pool
Region / countries
Serotypes present
1
Southeast Asia / Central Asia / East Asia Cambodia, China, China (Hong Kong SAR), Taiwan Province of China, Indonesia, Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, Republic of Korea, Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Malaysia, Mongolia, Myanmar, Russian Federation, Thailand, Viet Nam
A, Asia1 and O
2
South Asia Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Mauritius 1 , Nepal, Sri Lanka
A, Asia1 and O
3
West Eurasia & Near East Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Georgia, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon, Oman, Pakistan, Palestine, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syrian Arab Republic, Tajikistan, Türkiye, Turkmenistan, United Arab Emirates, Uzbekistan
A, Asia1 and O (SAT2)
4
Eastern Africa Burundi, Comoros, Djibouti, Egypt 3 , Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, Somalia, South Sudan, Sudan, Uganda, United Republic of Tanzania, Yemen
O, A, SAT1, SAT2 and SAT3
North Africa 2 Algeria, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia
A and O
5
West / Central Africa Benin, Burkina Faso, Cabo Verde, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo, Côte d’Ivoire, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo
O, A, SAT1 and SAT2
The “Pool” concept is quite dynamic, with some well-known Trans-pool movements. As for Pool 3 (list of countries constituting this Pool available in Table 1), there has been some SAT2 ephemeral incursions in the past. (Table 2). It nevertheless looks like we are facing a new situation and it is legitimate to ask the question of the endemicity of SAT2 in Pool 3 today.
6
Southern Africa Angola, Botswana, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Zambia, Zimbabwe
SAT1, SAT2 and SAT3 (O 4 , A)
7
South America Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)
O and A
Table 1: List of the countries constituting the seven Pools. Source: https://www.wrlfmd. org/ref-lab-reports 1. FMD outbreaks in 2016/21 due to O/ME-SA/Ind-2001 demonstrate close epidemiological links between Pool 2 and Mauritius. 2. Long-term maintenance of FMDV lineages has not been documented in the Maghreb countries of North Africa and therefore this region does not constitute an Endemic Pool, but data is segregated here since FMD circulation in this region poses a specific risk to FMD-free countries in Southern Europe. 3. Egypt represents a crossroads between East African Pool 4 and the Near East (Pool 3). NB: Serotypes SAT1 and SAT3 have not been detected in this country. 4. Detection of O/EA-2 in southern/western Zambia (2018–2021), Namibia (2021), Malawi (2022) and Mozambique (2022) represent a new incursion into Pool 6.
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