Historical situation of SAT2 in Pool 3
Bahrain
SAT2/IV/Ken-09
5
Iraq
SAT2/XIV
6
9
Jordan
SAT2/XIV
24
Oman
SAT2/XIV
2
SAT2/VII/Alx-12
3
Palestine
SAT2/VII/Gbh-12
1
Saudi Arabia
SAT2
16
Turkey
SAT2/XIV
1
Table 2: Since 2022, SAT2 viruses seems to have taken up residence in POOL 3. Sources: https://www.wrlfmd.org/ref-lab-reports
In addition to the countries listed in Table 2, it is possible that SAT2 is present in other countries in the region but not yet detected or reported. The challenge that this new situation represents is considerable. Indeed, FMD control requires a high level of immunity against the disease (Figure 2).
Immunity against FMD virus
Animal movement restriction
FMD control
Quarantine or stamping out
Biosecurity and sanitation
Figure 2: To control SAT2 FMD disease, animals need to have a high level of immunity against SAT2 viruses. Source: http://www.fao.org/3/a-i5975e.pdf, Fig. 5, Chapter 4.1
As for immunity, since the serotype SAT2 usually circulates only in Africa, most animals in Pool 3 have never been exposed to this serotype, neither by wild infection nor through vaccination. SAT2 viruses show up in fully susceptible (naïve) populations! There is therefore a critical risk of further spread to unaffected countries in the region. On this topic, the FAO has recently issued a remarkable Risk assessment document . The good news is that WRL has vaccine matching data (heterologous VNT titers) for both of BI’s SAT2 vaccine strains, i.e SAT2 Eri 98 and SAT2 Zim 83.
The results show that the heterologous titers are satisfactory and reassuring about the ability of BI vaccines to protect against the SAT2 tested for 4 years (Figure 3). Remark: If WRL is able to produce these results, it is because BI agrees to share its reagents (serums and reference viruses) for many years, to provide our customers with an independent and complementary source of information to what we provide with our own laboratories.
https://www.fao.org/3/cc8173en/cc8173en.pdf
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