FMD FMDV research has been particularly extensive, with over 50 publications in the period since our last review. Notably, almost half of these are related to vaccines, including several reports from Korea on inactivated vaccine development and production and some next generation vaccine candidates based on poly-epitope constructs, nanoparticles or new adjuvants. It is comforting to see that post- vaccination monitoring studies are being published, that evaluate the actual efficiency of vaccines in field conditions. For example a recent small- scale study in Georgia, Azerbaijan and Armenia demonstrated that the combo vaccines used in these countries did not induce the expected protective and long-lasting population immunity. In contrast, a large scale study reports the success of the eradication program in Taiwan between 2010 and 2018, which used high quality vaccine with an extensive coverage. An interesting paper from Makau et al. targeted the difficult question of vaccine matching using a machine-learning approach, which allowed prediction with 96% sensitivity of the cross- neutralization potential among serotype O strains. Several epidemiological studies were also published, covering the FMD situation in Ethiopia, Pakistan, Algeria, Taiwan, Vietnam, and Abu Dhabi. A meta-analysis of FMD vaccine efficacy in Africa pointed that if properly applied, FMD vaccination campaigns can be successful. EHDV Several reports were published about the current EHDV, serotype 8 outbreak in Europe. Another paper by Bibard el al. demonstrated the accuracy of the wind dispersal model to predict the spread of EHDV in France, and anticipates potential further spread to other European countries during the upcoming vector season. Two papers were also published reporting EHDV transmission patterns in the USA and in Israel. A first report of an inactivated EHDV8 vaccine from Italy showed clinical protection against virulent challenge in cattle.
PPRV PPRV research has revealed the emergence of Lineage IV strains in regions like Senegal, replacing previous Lineage II strains. This highlights the evolving nature of the virus and the need for continuous monitoring and adaptation of control strategies. The progress towards PPR eradication in India is also a noteworthy development. An investigation of PPRV circulation in Uttarakhand, India, has been a step towards the global eradication of PPR by 2030. This study underscores the importance of continuous surveillance and control measures in the fight against PPRV. AHSV Research on African Horse Sickness Virus (AHSV) has also made some progress, with a study revealing the potential of plant-produced virus-like particle vaccines for the disease. This finding could potentially pave the way for the development of more cost-effective and accessible vaccines. In conclusion, the dynamic nature of these diseases, coupled with factors like climate change and geographical spread, necessitates ongoing research and vigilance. The groundbreaking work in this field underscores the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration and innovation in safeguarding global livestock health. The research findings you will find below can help the VPH community stay updated on the latest advancements in TADs and implement effective strategies for disease control and prevention.
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