H. Total Cost of Ownership (TCO)
The Effects of No Load and Full Load Losses on Operating Cost / Lifecycle Cost TCO Formula (Simplified) • TCO=Purchase Price+(A × No Load Loss)+ (B × Full-Load Loss) • A and B are cost factors ($/W) based on energy price, load profile, and expected lifetime. Losses are temperature-corrected to 65°C for oil-filled units to reflect real-world operating conditions. o Higher temperature = higher resistance = more load loss. • Higher Efficiency = Lower Lifetime Cost o Transformers with lower losses may cost •
more upfront but save thousands in energy costs over the transformer life. For example, reducing no-load loss by 100 W can save $3,000–$10,000 over the life of the transformer, depending on energy prices.
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Calculation Example We are to evaluate an amorphous core 500 kVA three-phase pad-mount transformer. The manufacturer has supplied both the no-load and full-load losses. As follows: • No-load losses at 100% rated voltage = 250W.
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