Identifying relevant evidence : Identification of relevant studies if already extracted or search of literature if not. The below section suggests sources of evidence.
Assessing evidence: Each piece of evidence is assessed according to its reliability and relevance. The assessed evidence is then combined to summarise the conclusions. For an action this would be the strength of the effect and confidence in the result. Using experts appropriately: Experts providing and assessing statements (rather than making decisions, which requires combining with values that may differ from the decision maker). The literature shows there are numerous sources of bias that seriously impair the accuracy of experts. There are a range of techniques for reducing these biases including tools such as the Delphi Technique and IDEA protocol. Key elements are for scoring to be anonymous. Using a structured decision-making process : Structured approaches vary according to the issue but include multi-criteria analysis, argument maps, theories of change and cost-benefit analysis.
Sources of evidence
Listed below are some sources of evidence that apply to many conservation projects.
● Conservation Evidence database: This database collates and summarises documented evidence about the effectiveness of conservation actions (Sutherland et al. , 2019). All of the actions relevant to a specific subject are grouped into a subject “ synopsis ” . As of February 2024, evidence for 24 different taxa or habitats had been collated. ● What Works in Conservation: An annual update of the information within the Conservation Evidence database on the effectiveness of actions is produced as a book, What Works in Conservation (Sutherland et al ., 2021). All the information within each update is also presented within the searchable database. ● CEEDER (The Collaboration of Environmental Evidence Database of Evidence Reviews): Lists 1,920 reviews and systematic maps across the environmental field. ● PANORAMA: Allows practitioners to share and reflect on their experiences, by describing their projects and any lessons learnt. ● RESTOR: Database to share insights from nature conservation and restoration projects. ● Metadataset: A collection of open data from scientific publications. Provides over 15,000 effect sizes, mostly related to invasive species management. ● Specific papers, books, reports and other documents relating to the particular issue.
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