MICRO PERSPECTIVE OF TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY
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2019 04-TB-00025-0 978-971-23-9910-7 BS Hospitality Management and BS Tourism Management Accommodations .................................................................................. 60 History of the Accommodations or Lodging Industry. Types of Accommodation. Classification of Hotels. Rating Systems. Organization of the Lodging Industry. Management Methods. Hotel Terminology. Room Rates. Hotel Profitability. Accommodation Reservation. Accommodation Promotion. Food and Beverages Sector ................................................................. 78 History of the Food and Beverage Service. Types of Restaurants. Franchising. Restaurant Profitability. Airline Catering. Food Quality. Logistics. Airplane Galleys. Flight Kitchens. Difference Between Airline Catering and Restaurant Catering. Restaurant Promotion. Recreation and Leisure ........................................................................ 92 Meaning of Recreation and Leisure. Recreational Activities. Varied Views of Recreation and Leisure. Recreational Participation. Motivations for Recreational Participation. Factors Promoting the Growth of Recreation. Types of Organized Recreation. Two Major Recreation Service Components. Theme Parks. The Need for Professional Leadership. Emerging Professional Identity. Challenges Facing the Recreation and Leisure Service Field in the Twenty-First Century. Tourist Attractions and Theme Parks ................................................ 104 The Nature and Scope of Tourist Attractions. The Evolution of Tourist Attractions. Definition of Attractions. Classification of Attractions. Physical Environment. Ownership. Admission Policy. Appeal. Size and Capacity. Composition. Degree of Performance. Number of Visitors. Amusement Parks and Theme Parks. Main Issues in the Management of Tourist Attractions. Management Planning. Environmental Impacts. Visitor Numbers. Destination Planning. Diversification. Renewal and Innovation. The Future of Tourist Attractions. Management: Revenue Generation. Marketing. Product Development: Creating World- Class Destinations. Interpretation and Communication. International Association of Amusement. Parks and Attractions. The MICE Industry: Meaning and Importance ................................ 118 The Evolution of the Meetings, Incentives, Conventions, and Exhibitions. (MICE) Industry. Meetings, Incentives, Conventions, and Exhibitions. Key Players in the MICE Industry. Convention and Visitors Bureau (CVB). Event Management. Convention and Special Events Management Companies. Destination Management Companies (DMCs). Independent Meeting Management Companies. Travel Management Companies. Major Event Producers. Special Events Market. Types of Events in the Special Events Market. Emerging Trends. Employment Opportunities in the MICE Industry. Tourism Marketing ............................................................................... 132 Definition of Marketing. Uniqueness of Tourism Marketing. Marketing Orientation. Marketing
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CONTENTS
Contents
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Preface ................................................................................................................. vii
CHAPTER
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The Psychology of Tourism ................................................................. 1
Push/Pull Model. Maslow’s Theory of Motivation and Travel Motivations. Tourist Motivations. The Learning Process of a Tourist. Effect of Consistency and Complexity on Leisure Travel. Classification of Travelers Based on Purpose of Travel. Travel Constraints.
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The Sociology of Tourism .................................................................... 21 The Social Nature of Travel. The Social Effects of Tourism. Socioeconomic Variables and Their Effect on Travel. The Rise of New Travel Patterns. Preferences of the International Tourist. Types of Tourist Roles. Social Tourism. Tourism and Culture ............................................................................. 31 The Effects of Culture on Travel. The Importance of Cultural Tourism. Cultural Factors with Tourist Appeal. Transportation Sector .......................................................................... 40 Transportation and Travel Evolution. Pre-Industrial Travel System Era. Early-Industrial Travel System Era. Mature-Railway System Era. Express-Travel System Era. Automobile-Based Travel System Era. Modern-Tourism Travel System Era. Post-Mobility Adjustment Era. Historical Development of Transport System. Selection of Transportation Mode. Airline Regulation. Accommodations .................................................................................. 60 History of the Accommodations or Lodging Industry. Types of Accommodation. Classification of Hotels. Rating Systems. Organization of the Lodging Industry. Management Methods. Hotel Terminology. Room Rates. Hotel Profitability. Accommodation Reservation. Accommodation Promotion. Food and Beverages Sector ................................................................. 78 History of the Food and Beverage Service. Types of Restaurants. Franchising. Restaurant Profitability. Airline Catering. Food Quality. Logistics. Airplane Galleys. Flight Kitchens. Difference Between Airline Catering and Restaurant Catering. Restaurant Promotion. Recreation and Leisure ........................................................................ 92 Meaning of Recreation and Leisure. Recreational Activities. Varied Views of Recreation and Leisure. Recreational Participation. Motivations for Recreational Participation. Factors Promoting the Growth of Recreation. Types of Organized Recreation. Two Major Recreation Service Components. Theme Parks. The Need for Professional Leadership. Emerging Professional
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Segmentation. Product Life Cycle. Strategic Marketing Process. Market Planning Process. Target Markets. Behavioral Characteristics of Target Markets. Selecting a Marketing Strategy. Marketing Mix.
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