TEXTBOOK ON THE PHILIPPINE CONSTITUTION
7. Illustrations of police power laws ...................................... 168 8. Meaning of taxation ........................................................... 169 9. Theory and basis of taxation ............................................. 169 10. Meaning of taxes ................................................................ 170 11. Distinctions among the three (3) powers ......................... 170
SECTION 4
1. Meaning of freedom of speech, of expression, and of the press ......................................................... 152 2. Scope of freedom of expression ......................................... 152 3. Scope of terms “speech,” “expression,” and “press” .......... 152 4. Importance of the guarantee ............................................ 153 5. Freedom of expression not absolute ................................. 154 6. Justification for abridgment of freedom of speech and of the press ......................................................... 155 7. Meaning of right of assembly and right of petition ......... 155 8. Relationship with freedom of speech and of the press ............................................................... 156
SECTION 10
1. Meaning of obligation of a contract ................................... 171 2. Scope of terms “law’’ and “contract” ................................. 171 3. Purpose of non-impairment prohibition ........................... 172 4. When obligation of contract impaired .............................. 172 5. Freedom to contract not absolute ..................................... 173
SECTION 11
SECTION 5
1. Constitutional rights of the accused in criminal cases .... 174 2. Reasons for constitutional safeguards ............................. 175 3. Right to free access to the courts and quasi-judicial bodies ................................................. 176 4. Right to adequate legal assistance ................................... 176
1. Meaning of religious freedom ........................................... 157 2. Meaning of religion ............................................................ 157 3. Aspects of religious freedom ............................................. 157 4. Freedom of religious profession and worship .................. 158 5. Right to disseminate religious beliefs .............................. 159 6. License fee or tax on sale of religious articles .................. 159 7. Religious test prohibited .................................................... 160
SECTION 12
1. Rights of person under investigation ............................... 177 2. Effect of violation of the rights .......................................... 178 3. When rights can be invoked .............................................. 178 4. Waiver of right of silence and to counsel .......................... 179
SECTION 6
1. Meaning of liberty of abode and travel ............................ 161 2. Limitations on the right .................................................... 161
SECTION 13
SECTION 7
1. Meaning of bail .................................................................. 179 2. Purpose and form of bail ................................................... 179 3. Who may not invoke the right to bail ............................... 180 4. Meaning of capital offense ................................................ 181 5. Excessive bail prohibited .................................................. 181 SECTION 14 1. Right to due process of law in criminal cases .................. 182 2. Right to presumption of innocence ................................... 183 3. Statutory presumptions of guilt ....................................... 184 4. Right to be heard by himself and counsel ........................ 184 5. Meaning and purpose of arraignment .............................. 185 6. Importance of the right to counsel .................................... 186 7. Right to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation against him ............................................ 186 8. Right to have a speedy, impartial, and public trial ......... 187
1. Right to information on matters of public concern .......... 162 2. Scope of the right ............................................................... 163 3. Limitations on the right .................................................... 163
SECTION 8
1. Meaning of right to form associations, etc. ....................... 164 2. Purposes of the guarantee ................................................ 165 3. Limitation on the right ..................................................... 165 SECTION 9 1. Essential or inherent powers of government .................... 166 2. Meaning of eminent domain .............................................. 166 3. Conditions for or limitations upon its exercise ................. 166 4. Meaning of “taking” ........................................................... 167 5. Meaning of police power .................................................... 168 6. Basis of police power ......................................................... 168
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