Figure 2. Geospatial data risk profile through optimal surveying/design practices: (1) stronger control network and improved data accuracy/coverage in specific areas; (2) more time for parametric design and automation for contract documentation; (3) data verification and more detailed data in areas significant for design intent; (4) less time incorporating new data and traditional stakeout in favor of automation; (5) verification of control network reinforces data confidence; and (6) sustained effort for real-time verification, measurement, and as-built records. Source: US Federal Highway Administration
risks, apply mitigation measures, track and monitor risk exposure, and communicate risk severity and likelihood to project stakeholders. Effectively Using Location-Enabled Technologies Effectiveness in applying location-enabled technologies on projects is achieved through incorporating suitable solutions that meet or exceed geospatial data specifications and expectations. There are many tech- nologies and solutions that can meet specifications; however, many can fall short with meeting expectations concerning cost or quality if not properly applied. It is critically important that a suitability analysis be done by geospatial experts to ensure the right tool is being used for the right purpose. Geospatial experts are equipped with the required knowledge and ex- pertise to advise on integrating location-enabled technologies focusing on specific project criteria and requirements as opposed to first trying to apply a specific technology to meet project requirements. The effective and suitable use of location-enabled technology such as UAS enables accurate contextual understanding for decision making. However, there are many instances where the use of UAS does not meet the data quality requirements for the project. In such cases, other technologies are applied to achieve more meaningful outcomes with geospatial data quality and integrity. It’s important to let the project
characteristics and requirements lead to objectively applying location- based technologies. Standardization Consistent and repeatable processes drive project success when prop- erly applied. Overly prescriptive standards create an imbalance with conformance activities and value delivery, so following a practical and consensus-based approach to standards development is arguably more important. Advancements in UAS technology quickly surpassed industry standards development in key areas, which has stifled the use of this technology in many applications. However, standards development organizations have made great strides over the past couple years with key standards that are enabling the safe integration of UAS technology into regulated airspaces and for more advanced operations. This includes the ability to collect, transfer, and otherwise handle resultant location-based data. While there are many industry standards to support these activities, standard architectures and related best practice guidance are now being developed for various UAS operations. Leveraging standard practices and data formats for applying UAS technology to projects opens the door for continuous value creation through repeatable operations in change detection (e.g. quantity verifi-
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