Grammar reference
Grammar test
Reported speech – Statements
Reported speech – Statements In reported speech, when the reporting verb ( say , tell ) is in the past, the tense of the verb in reported speech usually changes, going one tense ‘back’. Direct speech – tenses Reported speech – tenses
4 Adjectives ending in -ing and -ed amazed/amazing • a mused/amusing • annoyed/annoying • bored/boring • confused/confusing • depressed/depressing • disappointed/disappointing • disgusted/disgusting • embarrassed/embarrassing • entertained/entertaining • excited/exciting • exhausted/exhausting • fascinated/fascinating • frightened/frightening • frustrated/frustrating • gripped/gripping • inspired/inspiring • interested/interesting • moved/moving • relaxed/relaxing • shocked/shocking • surprised/surprising • tired/tiring • uninspired/uninspiring • worried/worrying If necessary we change pronouns and other words in the same way as in reported statements. If, after the command, there are other verbs, pronouns or time words, they change as in normal reported speech. We use told to report stronger commands and asked for more polite requests. Reported speech – Suggestions Direct speech Reported speech ‘Why don’t we paint something?’ ‘Let’s paint something.’ ‘How about painting something?’ She suggested painting something. For reported suggestions we use the gerund after suggest , without saying the person we are talking to. If, after the suggestion, there are other verbs, pronouns or time words, they change as in normal reported speech. Reported speech – Questions We do not use the auxiliary verb do in reported questions. ‘Do you like art?’ → She asked me if I liked art. There is no inversion of subject and verb in reported questions. ‘Where is the exhibition?’ → He asked me where the exhibition was. Reported questions are not real questions so they do not need question marks. When there is no question word ( who , what , how , why , etc.), we use if or whether . ‘Are you listening?’ → She asked me if I was listening. Reported speech – Commands Direct speech Reported speech ‘Stand up!’ She told them to stand up. ‘Don’t write on the table!’ They told him not to write on the table. ‘Please write your name here.’ He asked me to write my name there. For reported commands we use to + infinitive or not to + infinitive.
1 Rewrite a celebrity’s answers in an interview using reported speech. 1 ‘I’m happy to be here today.’ a She said
.
2 ‘I’m writing a play.’
b She told c She said d She said e She told f She said g She said
.
3 ‘I’ve never written a play before.’
. .
4 ‘I’ll choose the actors myself when I finish.’ 5 ‘I was inspired by a trip to California last year.’
‘I walk home.’ Present simple
He said he walked home. Past simple She said she was walking . Past continuous He said he had walked . Past perfect She said she had walked . Past perfect He said he had walked . Past perfect She said she would walk . would He said he could walk . could She said she might walk . might He said he had to walk . had to
.
6 ‘I may go to the US again next year.’
. .
‘I ’m walking .’ Present continuous
7 ‘I must go now because my manager’s waiting for me.’
/ 7 points
‘I have walked .’ Present perfect
3 Write the direct commands or suggestions. 1 The police officer told him to get out of the car. 2 They told me not to panic. 3 She suggested leaving the exercise for the following day. 4 I asked her not to sing that song. 5 I suggested going by public transport. 6 She told him not to interrupt her. Reported speech – Commands and suggestions / 6 points
2 Rewrite these reported questions in direct speech. Reported speech – Questions
‘I walked .’ Past simple
‘I had walked .’ Past perfect ‘I will walk .’ will
1 She asked me what I was doing there. 2 They asked me when I had arrived. 3 The teacher asked him if he knew what the answer was. 4 The interviewer wanted to know if she had ever written a poem. 5 I asked him what he would do with the money. 6 I asked him how many pages the book had. 7 I asked her if that bag was hers.
‘I can walk .’ can
‘I may walk .’ may
‘I must/have to walk .’ must/have to
Could , would , should and might do not change. In reported speech, pronouns and possessive adjectives change. ‘I watched your concert.’ → Joe told me he had watched my concert. With say you do not need to use a personal object to say who you are saying something to. She said (…) she needed help. With tell you must use a personal object to say who you are saying something to. She told Jamie she needed help. Can you tell her to call me, please?
/ 7 points
Vocabulary test
2 Complete the definitions. Lorem ipsum The visual and performing arts
Adjectives ending in -ing and -ed 1 Who are these people? 1 The person in charge of an orchestra: c 2 Someone who plays the drums: d 3 Someone who writes and sings their own songs: s 4 Someone who writes classical music: c 5 Someone who makes sculptures: s Artists / 5 points
1 A landscape is a painting of … 2 A masterpiece is a work by an artist which … 3 The lyrics are the part of the song which …
4 The cast are the people who … 5 A sketch is a picture which … 6 The audience are … 7 A self-portrait is a picture of … 8 The stage is the place where …
Vocabulary
1 Artists actor • a rtist • choreographer • composer • conductor • dancer • (fashion) designer • (film/theatre) director • drummer • guitarist • musician • painter • performer • photographer • pianist • sculptor • singer • singer-songwriter 2 The visual arts abstract painting • a rt gallery • collection • exhibition • landscape • masterpiece • (self-)portrait • sculpture • sketch • still life 3 The performing arts audience • c ast • composition • concert • lighting • lyrics • main character • musical • orchestra • performance • play • plot • scene • stage • tune
/ 8 points
3 Complete the sentences with the -ing or -ed form of the words given. 1 Aren’t you (exhaust)? You’ve been studying all day. 2 It’s (embarrass) when you forget somebody’s name. 3 I’m (confuse). I don’t know what to think. 4 The result of the match was (disappoint). We lost 6–0. 5 We were
(frustrate). It looked easy at first, but was really difficult.
6 This meal is really bad. In fact, it’s 7 The documentary was long, but
(disgust). (fascinate).
/ 7 points
On-the-Go Practice
Total:
/ 40 points
106
107
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