Grammar in context 1
Developing vocabulary
1 Look at the sentences and answer the questions. Modal verbs of speculation and deduction – Present
Adjective suffixes 1 Use the adjective suffixes in the table to turn the words below into adjectives. Some words can go with more than one suffix. artist • b elieve • care • colour • comfort • danger • doubt • drama • enjoy • environment • fame • harm • help • hope • hunger • luck • mystery • nature • office • pain • science • sense • terror • use • value
Flag 2 1 This flag has only two colours, white and red. It be the British flag because that is blue, white and red. 2 There is something red in the centre of the flag. It be the Canadian flag, or it be the Japanese flag because they both have red images in the centre. 3 The image is a big red circle. It be the Japanese flag because the circle is the sun and Japan is the land of the rising sun. Use it … don’t lose it!
6a pronunciation 68 Listen to the two sentences. Do we pronounce have in the same way in both sentences?
1 You have to go now. 2 You must have known.
1 It must be hard to miss such a big flag. 2 The name might come from the French ‘joli rouge’. 3 This could be because of a mistake. 4 It can’t be true. 5 Some people may think it’s a good idea to change the old flag one day. 6 The old flag might not be very popular. a Which verb do we use when we are 90% certain that something is true? b Which verb do we use when we are 90% certain that something is NOT true? c Which verbs do we use when there is a 50% possibility that something is true (or not)? d What part of the verb comes after the verbs in bold ?
69 Listen to these sentences.
6b pronunciation
Do you hear /haev/ or /əv/ ? 1 She might have gone. 2 They can’t have done it. 3 It couldn’t have been me. 4 You must have heard it. 5 We may have lost. 6 They must have known.
-y
-ic
-able
-ible -ous
-ful
-less
-al
artistic
speaking Look at the flags for fictional countries. Use can’t , may , might , could and must to make speculations and deductions about them. Think of at least five things to say.
4
You are going to do a word formation cloze test. Read the instructions for the activity. How do you know if you need to add a suffix, a prefix or both to the word given? Exam tip
69 Listen again and repeat the sentences.
6c
7 Complete the sentences with past modals of speculation and deduction and the verbs given.
2 Read the text. Use the words in capitals to form an appropriate word that fits in the gap.
DID ATLANTIS REALLY EXIST?
Check it page 120
2 Choose the correct alternatives. Country 1 1 It’s a constitutional monarchy.
Treasure hunters Two friends, Mark Hambleton and Joe Kania, made a (a) (DRAMA) discovery of some (b) (HISTORY) treasure in Staffordshire, England in 2017. They discovered some (c) (BELIEVE) gold jewellery. The friends are treasure hunters. Twenty years ago they stopped hunting because they thought they were too (d) (LUCK) and that it was (e) (DOUBT) that they would ever find anything. When they started hunting again, they searched a field for hours and were about to go home. They thought the situation was (f ) (HOPE). But just then they found the (g) (VALUE) treasure. The jewellery appears to be about 2,500 years old. They gave it to the British Museum. Experts declared the discovery as (h) (OFFICE) treasure. This only happens when something is more than 300 years old or contains more than 10% precious metal. The jewellery helps to show how (i) (ARTIST) people were in the Iron Age (the period between 800 BC and 43 AD). Mark and Joe have become ( j) (FAME) among treasure hunters for their brilliant discovery. Lorem ipsum
The bird might be a national symbol.
It must/can’t be France because France is a republic. 2 It isn’t in Europe. It must/might be Japan. 3 The capital city is Bangkok and the official language is Thai. It must/may be Thailand. Country 2 1 The currency is the dollar. It could/can’t be lots of countries because there are lots of different types of dollar. 2 It used to be a British colony. It may/can’t be the US because they were once a British colony. 3 The flag is red and white, with a big red leaf in the middle, and the capital is Ottawa. It could/must be Canada. 3 Make deductions about these flags using may , might , must and can’t . Flag 1 1 This flag is blue, white and red. It be the French flag because that has the same colours. 2 The stripes are horizontal, not vertical. It be the French flag because that has vertical stripes. 3 You can see the flag flying in Amsterdam, this country’s capital city. It be the Dutch flag because Amsterdam is the capital of the Netherlands.
Reach higher
page 140
5 Look at the sentences and answer the questions. 1 The name might have come from an old sailing term. 2 Some people must have been unhappy with their flag. 3 It may have been difficult to incorporate a dragon. 4 This could have happened . 5 It can’t have been an easy choice. 6 They may not have liked the new design. 7 It couldn’t have been a pretty sight. a Which modal verb do we use when we are 90% certain that something was true in the past? b Which modal verbs do we use when we are 90% certain that something was NOT true in the past? c Which modal verbs do we use when there is a 50% possibility that something was true (or not) in the past? d What comes after the modal verbs – have + ? Modal verbs of speculation and deduction – Past
Atlantis (a) (exist), but nobody really knows. Some people think the island of Santorini (b) (inspire) the story of Atlantis, but they aren’t sure. There was a volcanic eruption on Santorini 3,600 years ago. It (c) (be) big because it created a gigantic tsunami in the area. The Minoan civilisation disappeared at about the same time. However, other people think these events (d) (be) the origin of the Atlantis story. Why not? Because the time doesn’t coincide with the Greek writer Plato’s description of the events. Some experts think that Plato (e) (invent) the story of Atlantis because it was similar to the themes in Plato’s other philosophical, not historical, works. But even if the work was fictional, we know that many real cities (f) (suffer) a similar destiny to Atlantis because we have evidence that the sea has covered towns where people used to live. Plato (g) (have) a great imagination to create a story like Atlantis that still interests so many people.
Use it … don’t lose it!
speaking Use adjectives based on the words in 1 to talk about one of your favourite hobbies. How many adjectives can you use?
3
Check it page 120
Reach higher
page 140
112
Unit 9
Unit 9
113
Made with FlippingBook Publishing Software