Grammar in context 1
Developing vocabulary
1a Read these sentences. Then match 1–4 to a–d to make rules. Nowhere on Earth will escape the problem. You can pass it on to somebody who wants it. Everyone loves buying cheap clothes. Isn’t anything better than this current situation? Could somebody help me pack this shopping? Nobody wants that to happen. Should we rent everything instead of buying it? Anything would be better than the current situation. Indeterminate pronouns: some -, any -, no -, every -
6 Look at the sentences (1–6) and choose the correct alternative in a–d. 1 The clothes are so outrageous that they seem to have no connection with high street clothes. 2 They make them so cheaply. 3 It’s such a waste. 4 They use such poor materials that the clothes don’t last. 5 They buy so many items that they can fill a suitcase. 6 They create so much pollution. a We use so to intensify the meaning of adjectives and adverbs/nouns . b We use such to intensify the meaning of adjectives only/nouns (with or without adjectives) . c We use so much with countable/uncountable nouns and so many with countable/uncountable nouns. d After sentences with so or such we can continue the sentence with that/than . so and such Check it page 132 7 Complete with so , such , many , much or that . 8 Choose the correct alternative and then complete the sentence in a logical way. In Shiniuzhai National Geological Park in Hunan, China there is a very unusual shop. It’s (a) high up in the air that not everybody can get to it easily. But this shop is (b) an important place for rock climbers! When you’re climbing you need so (c) energy. The problem is that it’s (d) a long way down to go and get food or drink. That’s why the shop is (e) popular. They sell water, energy drinks and snacks to climbers who are in the middle of their climb. Paying with cash would be so difficult (f ) they let you pay by smartphone. But the shop is so (g) metres from the ground (100 to be exact) that you must be careful not to drop anything! Shopping in the clouds 1 People buy so many/much clothes that … 2 Pollution is such a/– big problem that … 3 Online shopping is so/such popular that … 4 Some people have so many/much money that … 5 Some fashion designs are so/such unusual that … 6 Shopping can be so/such a tiring experience that … Use it … don’t lose it!
Collocations with money 1 Look at these verbs. They frequently go with the word money . Now explain the difference between the pairs of verbs in 1–4. Use a dictionary if necessary. borrow (from) • c ost • donate (to) • earn • lend (to) • make • owe • raise (for) • save • spend (on) • waste (on) • win 1 borrow/lend 2 earn/win 3 raise/donate 4 make/waste 2a Complete the text with correct form of words in 1.
3 Complete the words in the text.
THE GIFT OF … NOTHING! Have you ever had to buy a present for (a) body and you couldn’t think of (b) thing to buy them? And then when you ask them what they would like, they say, ‘ (c) thing . You don’t need to buy me (d) thing . It’s really not necessary.’ Well, now there is (e) where where you can buy those people exactly what they asked for. It’s a chain store that’s selling plastic packages with (f ) thing inside, only air. It’s cheap and funny – the package says ‘Exactly what you asked for’ and ‘Less is more’. But there could be two problems. Firstly, environmental groups say it’s a terrible waste of plastic. Secondly, (g) body who says they don’t want a present (your mum, your friend, no matter who …) is probably lying! (h) body in the world likes getting presents, even when they say they don’t! So just get them (i) thing , even if it’s small and inexpensive. After all, it’s the thought that counts!
1 We use pronouns with some 2 We use pronouns with any 3 We use pronouns with no 4 We use pronouns with every
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First, Black Friday.
Then, Cyber Monday.
a in negative sentences, questions, and in affirmative sentences when it means it doesn’t matter what , who , where. b with affirmative verbs because the meaning of the pronoun is already negative. c in affirmative sentences and in offers and requests. d in all types of sentences and in questions, referring to all things, people, places. 1b How many words can you make by combining some- , any- , no- and every- with thing , body , one and where ?
Now, Giving Tuesday!
On Black Friday and Cyber Monday people often (a) a lot of money – some calculate it as nearly $8 billion on Cyber Monday in the US alone! There are often special offers – many products (b) less than usual. Some people think they are (c) money because their purchases are cheaper than usual. But maybe they’re (d) money because they’re buying something they don’t really need. It can seem hard to work all week to (e) money, but then so easy for that money to just disappear! In 2012, some people decided to start Giving Tuesday on the day after Cyber Monday. The organisation didn’t want to (f ) money for themselves and become rich. They wanted to (g) money for people who need it. They got $400 million online in the US in 2018! A lot of big global companies and organisations such as Google � , Microsoft and UNICEF were very generous and (h) money to the organisation. Giving Tuesday now takes place in over 70 countries around the world. Schools can help, too, so try to find out more!
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Check it page 132
2 Choose the correct alternative. 1 Mum isn’t happy. No one/Anyone bought her a present. 2 You look very serious this morning. Is nothing/anything wrong? 3 The party was a great success. Everybody/Anybody enjoyed it. 4 Lunch was delicious! I’ve eaten anything/everything . 5 Who’s in my room? I think I can hear somebody/ anybody . 6 Where’s the cat? I can’t see it somewhere/anywhere . 7 Excuse me! Has anyone/everyone seen my bag? 8 Class is about to start, but there isn’t nobody/ anybody here.
4 Complete the questions with anybody , anywhere or anything . 1 If you could go in the world for your holidays, where would you go? 2 If you could have you liked for dinner, what would you ask for? 3 If you could meet in the world, who would you meet? 4 If you could be in the world apart from yourself, who would you be? 5 If you could live in the world, where would you live? 6 If you could change in the world, what would you change?
76 Listen and check your answers. Use it … don’t lose it! Ask and answer the questions. Ask for and give details. 1 Have you ever done anything to earn money? speaking 2 Have you ever won any money? 3 Have you ever donated money? 4 Have you ever raised money for a particular cause or charity? 5 Have you ever lent or owed somebody any money? 6 Are you good at saving money? 7 Do you think you ever waste money?
2b
3
Ask and answer the questions. Are any
5
speaking
of your answers similar?
Compare your sentences in 8.
9
speaking
Reach higher
page 140
Reach higher
page 140
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Unit 10
Unit 10
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