Listening
Grammar in context 2
4 Complete the text with these words. There are more words than spaces so you don’t need to use them all. become • becoming • been • being • has • have • having • started • starting • taken • taking • travelled • travelling • used • using T R AV E L L I NG THROUGH CITY SKIES! To reduce pollution and traffic, different cities around the world have (a) the decision to install urban cable cars. The Colombian city of Medellin has (b) using cable cars as part of their transport system since 2004. Since then, other cities (c) begun to do the same. They have (d) popular because they are relatively cheap to build, they are quiet, and they don’t cause pollution. Places like Santorini (Greece), Nizhny Novgorod (Russia) and La Paz (Bolivia) have been (e) them for some time now precisely because they make it easier to travel in areas with hills and rivers. What’s more, in the case of Medellin, this new type of transport (f ) reduced crime because the cable car takes you over dangerous parts of the city, not through them. And in many cities it isn’t only residents who have been (g) in these cable cars. Tourists have (h) to use them, too, because you get great views of the city. But some cable cars have transparent floors, so don’t look down if you’re afraid of heights!
5 Complete the dialogue with the present perfect simple or continuous forms of the verbs given.
Flipped classroom video Watch the Grammar Presentation video
Present perfect continuous
1a Look at these sentences. Which are in the present perfect continuous and which are in the present perfect simple? 1 They have been changing many streetlights, and they’re continuing to do so. 2 I ’ve visited the city four or five times. 3 They ’ve done some great things there. 4 Recently, we ’ve been receiving questions about smart cities. 1b Which of these two tenses gives more importance to … a the completion and result of an action? b the process and duration of an action? c how many times an action happens? d the fact that an action is temporary, incomplete or has finished very recently? 1c Complete this rule for the formation of the present perfect continuous. has/have + +
Kate: So, Elena, you’re Mexican, but at the moment you’re living here in Chester. How long (a) you (live) here? Elena: For six months. I (b) (study)
at the university, but I (c) (not finish) my course yet.
Kate: What (d)
you
(study)? Elena: Journalism. I (e)
(work) at a radio station here, too. That finishes next month.
speaking Answer the questions. 1 What do you think a ‘smart city’ is? 2 What do you think you can do at a smart bus stop like the one in the photo? 22 Listen to a podcast about smart cities and check your answers in 1. 22 Listen again and complete the notes with one word. SMART CITIES Waiting for a bus in Barcelona has become an (a) experience. In smart bus stops you can get free (b) and access to apps that teach you about the (c) . In Barcelona, many streetlights now use (d) lighting. The sensors on streetlights get information about the weather, which can help to save water. The residents in a (e) in Barcelona were able to do something about the (f ) there thanks to the information from sensors. Smart bins can tell you when you need to (g) the rubbish and if there is something (h) in the bin.
1
Kate: Where exactly (f )
you
(live)?
Elena: Well, I (g)
(make) two
2
really good friends on the course. We (h) near the centre. Chester’s lovely.
(live) in a small house
Check it page 42
3
Kate: Yes. I’m lucky. I (i) here all my life. Use it … don’t lose it!
(live)
2 Choose the best alternative. 1 That’s it. I’ve written/been writing my composition and I can rest now. 2 Oh no! My brother has lost/been losing his part-time job. 3 I’ve waited/been waiting for the bus for twenty minutes, but it still hasn’t come. 4 Stop singing that song. You’ve sung/been singing it all morning. 5 What’s the matter? Why have you cried/been crying ? 6 That author has written/been writing ten novels. 7 I’m tired. I’ve stood/been standing up all day. 8 You’ve played/been playing five matches. 3 Are these sentences grammatically correct or not? Why/Why not? If they aren’t correct, change them. 1 In total, I’ve been seeing two documentaries about smart cities. 2 I’ve been losing my keys! Where can they be? 3 Why are you tired? Have you been running? 4 Emma’s been reading this book three times. 5 My mum’s been trying to park for 20 minutes, but there are no empty spaces. 6 My brother has done his homework for over an hour, but he hasn’t finished yet. 7 Oh no! I’ve been breaking the window. 8 This week, I’ve been staying with my grandparents, but I’m going home tomorrow.
6 Lorem ipsum speaking Take it in turns to ask and answer the questions. Use the present perfect continuous or simple in your answers. When you finish, decide which answers are the most imaginative.
1 Why are your eyes red? 2 Why are you smiling?
3 Why are you bored? 4 Why are you so tired? 5 Why is your shirt wet? 6 Why are you hiding behind the sofa? 7 Why are your hands so dirty?
Why are your eyes red?
I’ve been cutting chilli peppers and I’ve just touched my eyes!
Critical thinkers
4
In your opinion, do you think it is a sensible use of money to create smart cities? What makes you say that? Use ideas in the listening and/or other facts, opinions and experiences to justify your opinion. Then share your ideas with a partner.
Reach higher
page 137
38
Unit 3
Unit 3
39
Made with FlippingBook Publishing Software