Grammar reference
Grammar test
2 What adjective can you use to describe each situation? 1 A concert in a small room with lots of people: c 2 A place which is in bad condition because nobody repairs it: r 3 A place which is old and interesting: h 4 A place which is very attractive and pleasant: c 5 A place where there are a lot of exciting things happening: l 6 A place with lots of people and activity: b Adjectives describing cities / 6 points 2 Complete the sentences with the present perfect simple or continuous form of the verbs. 1 you (switch) the light off? 2 You need a rest. You (study) for hours! 3 My hands are dirty. I (fix) the car. 4 Poor Liam! He (break) his leg. 5 Charlie (study) in the US all summer, but tomorrow he’s coming home. 6 They (build) lots of flats here for a while now and I don’t think they’re going to stop. 7 She (make) ten films. 8 I’m sorry. you (wait) for long? 9 My legs are tired. I (walk) all day. 10 That’s it! We (finish) this exercise. Present perfect continuous / 10 points Lorem ipsum
Present perfect simple
Present perfect simple
We use already for something that has happened earlier than we expected. I don’t need to go there. I’ve already been. The train has already left! We use yet with questions and negative sentences to ask if something we expect has happened, or to say that it hasn’t.
1 Complete the text with the present perfect simple or past simple form of the verbs given and choose the correct alternatives. I (a) (live) in this city (b) for/since many years and I love it here. The city (c) (change) a lot in the last five years. The biggest change is that the city (d) (get) a lot bigger recently. They (e) (build) a lot of new offices in the centre, and there are more planned. In 2018, they (f ) (start) to build a big new sports stadium near the port, but they (g) (not finish) building it (h) already/yet . They have (i) ever/just pulled down a lot of buildings in the area very recently. In the past, everybody ( j) (want) an office there, but not now.
subject + have/has + past participle She has gone home.
Affirmative
Negative We haven’t seen him. Question form Have you been there? Short answers Yes, I have ./No, she hasn’t . We use the present perfect simple to talk about: • an experience in someone’s lifetime, without saying the exact time when the event occurred. I’ve visited Vienna. • recent events which have a result in the present. She’s bought a new house. (= She has a new house now.) • actions or situations that began in the past but continue in the present. Helen’s lived here for three years. (= Helen still lives here now.) ever , never , for , since , just , already , yet These words are often used with the present perfect. We can use ever in questions to mean ‘at any time in your life’. Have you ever been to Japan? We can use never (‘at no time in your life’) in negative sentences. I’ve never lived in a big city. We use for and since with past actions or situations which continue in the present. For goes with periods of time and since with moments. I’ve lived here for three months/since January. We use just to emphasise that something happened very recently. We’ve just arrived. (= We arrived only a second ago.)
Have you moved yet? I haven’t moved yet. Present perfect continuous
subject + have/has + been + -ing She has been living in the US.
Affirmative
Negative We haven’t been studying French . Question form Have you been reading ?
We use the present perfect continuous when we want to emphasise the process and duration of an action. I’ve been living here for a year. I’ve been studying hard all summer. If an action is very short, we cannot use the continuous form. I’ve been breaking my leg. We also use the continuous to emphasise that an action finished very recently or is incomplete. I’ve been studying. (= I finished a second ago
/ 10 points
or I still haven’t finished.) Have you been running? (= I can see that you are tired.)
Vocabulary test
1 Match one word from each column and write the home or place as either one or two words. Then write a simple explanation for each word. 1 house a gallery 2 sky b house 3 town c boat 4 out d scraper 5 housing e hall 6 art f skirts 7 semi-detached g estate Houses and homes/Places in a city / 7 points
If we want to emphasise the completion and result of an action, or how many times an action happens, we must use the present perfect simple. I’ve washed the dishes. (= They are all finished). I’ve written seven books. Not I’ve been writing seven books.
Vocabulary
1 Houses and homes bungalow • c ottage • detached house • flat/block of flats • houseboat • mansion • semi-detached house • terraced house 2 Places in a city art gallery • bridge • castle • city centre • factory • fountain • housing estate • industrial estate • market • museum • outskirts • palace • park • port • skyscraper • square • statue • suburbs • theatre • town hall
3 Adjectives describing cities busy • c harming • clean • crowded • dirty • historic • impressive • lively • modern • noisy • peaceful • popular • quiet • run-down 4 Extreme adjectives ancient • b oiling • dreadful/horrible • enormous/huge • filthy • freezing • hideous • hilarious • packed • silent • spotless • stunning • terrifying • tiny
Extreme adjectives
3 Write the extreme equivalent of these normal adjectives. 1 frightening: t
5 ugly: h 6 clean: s 7 big: h
2 hot: b 3 dirty: f 4 bad: d
/ 7 points
On-the-Go Practice
Total:
/ 40 points
42
43
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