Grammar in context 1
Developing vocabulary
The passive
Prepositional phrases with adjectives 1 Look at these adjectives. Choose the preposition that goes with each adjective. Listen and check. about • a t • for • f rom • o f • to • w ith • in
3 Complete the text with the correct passive form of the verb given.
4 Change these sentences from active to passive. They all talk about the same everyday invention. Can you identify it?
1a Look at the sentences. Which sentence is not in the passive? 1 They are created to save us time. 2 The competition was won by the vacuum shoes. 3 A Japanese company called Denso organised the competition. 4 Laundroids will be found in every home. 5 New smart gadgets are being created every day. 6 Sounds have been added to the mask. 1b Choose the correct alternative for each different use of the passive. 1 We use the passive when we are interested mainly in the action/the person who does the action . 2 We use the passive when it is/isn’t obvious who does or did the action. 3 We use the passive when we always know/ don’t always know the person who does the action. 1c Look at the sentences in 1a and answer the questions. 1 Which tense is each sentence written in? 2 What changes in different tenses of the passive – the verb to be or the past participle? 3 What preposition do we use to introduce the agent (the person or thing which does the action)? Check it page 80 2 Add the missing word in 1–7 to make a correct passive sentence. Then write which tense each sentence is in. 1 The film Ready Player One was directed ^ Steven Spielberg in 2018. past simple 2 Radar was invented a Scottish scientist called Robert Watson-Watt. 3 YouTube videos are by millions of people every week. by
Culture exchange
1 Dr Spencer Silver created a new type of glue by accident. 2 Art Fry found an original use for the glue. 3 They put the glue on small pieces of paper. 4 They have sold this invention around the world since 1980.
44 Adjectives and their prepositions
afraid bored fed up
• a ware
•
• different • good/bad
•
•
interested
• p leased
•
5 Since 1980, they have sold millions of these notes. 6 People are using this invention right now, maybe in your classroom. 7 The fashion designer Ashley Isham designed a dress for Lady Gaga using this invention. 8 Perhaps in the future people will find new uses for these little yellow squares of paper. 5 Decide if the sentences are active or passive. Complete them with the correct form and tense of the verb given. 1 The first Star Wars film (make) in 1977. 2 Einstein (discover) the special theory of relativity in 1905. 3 At this very moment, online videos (watch) by hundreds of thousands of people. 4 In the future, a lot of money (spend) on new forms of transport. 5 Today most computers (make) in China. 6 Yesterday the president (give) a medal to an important inventor. 7 Since they began, many Nobel prizes (win) by German scientists. 8 Mary Shelley (write) Frankenstein about 200 years ago.
ready
• responsible
•
shocked
• s imilar
•
tired
• w orried
2 Read the text and choose the correct alternative.
Do you know what cats’ eyes are? Yes, they’re the things cats use to see. But are you aware (a) for/of the fact that it’s also a 1930s invention that reflects light on the road at night for safer driving? The invention got its name because they are similar (b) at/to cats’ eyes because they are very good (c) at/to reflecting light. But nowadays the ‘cat’s eyes’ on many roads are being changed and replaced by new LED lights. The problem is that, while they are doing this, there are often signs on roads saying ‘CATS EYES REMOVED’. Many people, especially children and foreigners, are not ready (d) for/to this sign. They are shocked (e) at/for the idea of people being so cruel to cats! The people responsible (f) for/of the road signs are worried (g) about/ for the negative impression they can cause. So they now use THIS SIGN IS NOT WHAT YOU THINK! Lorem ipsum
A great British inventor One of the earliest and most famous women inventors from Britain was Ada Lovelace (1815– 1852). She is now so famous that ‘Ada Lovelace Day’ (a) (celebrate) each year on the second Tuesday in October. Ada (b) (teach) mathematics by her mother. She loved science. One day she saw the Difference Engine. This was an early, and massive, computer/calculator which (c) (design) some years before by a man called Charles Babbage. Ada (d) (fascinate) by the invention when she saw it and had the vision to see that a machine like this could one day do much more than just calculate numbers. Ada designed a way to program it using cards with holes. And that’s how the world’s first computer program (e) (create)! To celebrate Ada’s invention, at this very moment a computer language called ‘ADA’ (f ) (use) by the US Department of Defense. And someone has just created a humanoid robot artist and named it Ai-Da after Ada Lovelace. In recent years, books, documentaries, films and even graphic novels (g) (make) about her life. How many more great inventions (h) (make) by women in the future thanks, in part, to Ada’s inspiring story?
a new name for ‘cat’s eyes’. They call them ‘road studs’. Animal lovers and visitors to the UK are pleased (h) of/with the change!
speaking Discuss the questions. 1 Who was the 2019 UEFA Champions League® won by? 2 Who was dynamite invented by? 3 Who were Bohemian Rhapsody and We are the Champions sung by? 4 Who was The Starry Night painted by? Use it … don’t lose it!
6
3a Complete the sentences with the correct prepositions. 1 Are you fed up
people talking about
football? 2 Are you pleased
4 Many new gadgets been invented in the 21 st century.
your progress in
English this year?
5 Most housework be done by robots in the future.
3 Are you similar
anyone in your class or
speaking Prepare a quiz with this table. You must know the answers to your questions. Then have a quiz competition in your class. Who was were X X and Y invented discovered written sung composed by?
7
are you very different
them all?
6 Velcro, penicillin and the microwave oven invented by accident. 7 Millions of smartphones sold every year.
3b Write similar questions with the other adjectives in 1. Use it … don’t lose it!
speaking Ask your partner the questions in 3a and your questions in 3b. What is your partner’s most interesting question and answer?
4
directed painted won
Collaborative project 3
page 83
Reach higher
page 138
Reach higher
page 138
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Unit 6
Unit 6
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