Grammar in context 1
Developing vocabulary
1 Look at the sentences (a–g) and match them to the rules (1–7). a Some people are always taking selfies! b Psychologists study mental processes and human behaviour. Present simple and present continuous
Adverbs of frequency
Synonyms and partial synonyms 1 Look at these words. Do they have similar meanings? If there is a difference, what is it? attractive • b eautiful • cute • good-looking • gorgeous • handsome • pretty 2 Match these words to their synonyms or partial synonyms. Some words can have more than one. bright • c alm • cheerful • childish • clever • difficult • easy-going • elderly • energetic • friendly • generous • glad • happy • hard • immature • intelligent • kind • lively • old • outgoing • relaxed • slim • sociable • thin bright – clever – intelligent 3 Choose the best alternative in each sentence. If there is no difference, choose both. 1 I think your brother is quite attractive/good-looking . 2 You smile a lot. You always look glad/cheerful . 3 Your cat needs to eat more. It looks a bit slim/thin to me. 4 Yesterday’s exam was really hard/difficult . 5 You need to be clever/bright to do what Einstein did! 6 I volunteer at a charity that supports elderly/old people. Use it … don’t lose it!
3 Read the sentences. The words in bold are all adverbs of frequency. Choose the correct alternative to complete the rules in 1–4. a We don’t usually watch cat videos. b They occasionally do psychology tests. c They’re always watching videos instead of working! d They always give themselves high marks. e I never take selfies. f They are rarely wrong with their predictions. g She often does research. h You sometimes feel shy. 1 Adverbs of frequency usually go after/before the verb to be . 2 Adverbs of frequency usually go just after/before main verbs. 3 Adverbs of frequency usually go with the present continuous/present simple . 4 The adverb of frequency ‘always’/’sometimes’ goes with the present continuous/present simple to talk about frequent actions that annoy the person who is speaking. Check it page 16 4 Complete the text with the present simple or continuous forms of the verbs given and the adverbs. Social Media Personality Profiles How irritating! Some people (a) (always post) things on social media about trivial everyday things like what they (b) (eat) at that moment. At London’s Brunel University there was a study of the relationship between a person’s social media posts and their personality. They found that when a person (c) (often write) about their social activities and everyday life, they (d) (be usually) outgoing. Annoying people who (e) (always talk) about the great things they’ve done can be a bit in love with themselves. But when somebody (f ) (create) posts about intellectual topics, that person (g) (not be) necessarily shy or introverted. He or she (h) (usually show) an interest in exploration and new experiences. That’s true for my older brother. This term, he (i) (study) at a university in Italy. He ( j) (not usually post) photos of himself but he (k) (share) interesting photos and information about other people, places and things. For example, right now I (l) (read) his new post about the place where he (m) (live) at the moment. It’s much better than just another selfie with a plate of pasta!
c I take selfies at least three times a month. d Right now, thousands of people are watching cat videos. e Some people are changing their minds about the Colour Test. f Blue and yellow make green so my personality is a combination of both. g She’s a researcher at the University of California, but she ’s teaching in Indiana for one term. We use the present simple for: 1 routines and habits. 2 things that are always or generally true. 3 scientific facts. We use the present continuous for: 4 actions that are happening now or near the moment of speaking. 5 actions that are temporary or not a normal routine. 6 actions that happen very often and annoy the speaker. 7 changing situations.
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5a Choose three phrases from the box and write two true sentences for each, one in the present simple and one in the present continuous. Write negative sentences if necessary. eat pasta • h ave lunch at school • listen to music • play video games • study English • take selfies • text a friend • walk to school • watch cat videos • wear school uniform I eat a lot of pasta. I’m not eating pasta now because we can’t eat during class.
Read your sentences to your partner.
5b speaking
How many of your sentences are the same?
Interview your partner using these
6
speaking
questions. 1 What are the first two things you do when you get to school? 2 What are the first two things you do when you get home after school? 3 What are people in your class doing right now? 4 In what ways are you, your friends or people in your family changing? 5 What do you usually do at the weekend? 6 What are members of your family doing now? 7 How do you usually spend your summer holidays? 8 Is anybody always doing things that annoy you? Who and what?
4 Lorem ipsum speaking Look at the example. Then one of you says a sentence and the other agrees using a synonym.
Check it page 16
I think Alex is very good-looking.
I agree. He’s really cute.
1 I think Ellen is so bright. 2 Don’t you think the maths exam was hard? 3 Oliver always seems so happy. 4 Your sister is quite slim. 5 Sarah is really sociable. 6 Jack can be quite immature sometimes. 7 People in our class aren’t very lively on Monday morning. 8 Andy is really easy-going, don’t you think?
What are the first two things you do when you get to school?
2 Choose the correct alternative. Which rule in 1 explains your answer? There is one example for each rule. 1 Humans do/are doing unusual things sometimes! Rule 2 At the moment, my brother plays/is playing a video game. Rule 3 I watch/am watching my favourite series every evening. Rule 4 This new actor becomes/is becoming really famous. Rule 5 Sunshine produces/is producing Vitamin D and Vitamin D helps/is helping to keep you cheerful. Rule 6 My mum is a teacher but she does/is doing a psychology course this month. Rule 7 Not again! My sister always shows/is always showing me her selfies! Rule
I say hello to my friends and ask them what class we have!
Use it … don’t lose it!
speaking Write at least three more questions like the ones in 6. Use them to continue interviewing your partner.
7
Reach higher
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What subjects are you studying this year?
What is your favourite subject?
What sports do you do after school?
Reach higher
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Unit 1
Unit 1
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