Defining relative clauses Grammar in context 1
Developing vocabulary
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Phrasal verbs connected with sport 1 Read the text and then match the phrasal verbs (a–i) to their definitions (1–9). The SPORTS STAR with just ONE HAND On 28 th April 2018, ShaquemGriffin became the first one-handed player to (a) take up American football professionally. Shaquem (b) got into American football when he was very small. He (c) joined in matches with his twin brother, Shaquill. When Shaquemwas
4 Complete the sentences with the correct relative pronoun and the
1a Look at these sentences. The words in bold are relative pronouns. Use them to complete rules a–e. 1 The first thing ( that ) you need is a horse. 2 She was the freestyler ( who ) Liv beat. 3 It was football that changed her life. 4 They use a table which has a special design. 5 It was three Hungarians who created the sport. 6 He was one of the people that played in the World Cup. 7 He’s a freestyler whose videos are amazing. 8 2017 was the year when Liv became the world champion. 9 France was the country where the World Cup took place. a We use and with people. b We use and with things. c We use with possessions. d We use with places. e We use with times. 1b Answer these questions. 1 Why do you think we call these defining relative clauses? What do they define? 2 Can we omit the relative pronouns that , who or which when a verb comes immediately after them? What about when a subject (you, I, Jack) comes immediately after them? 3 Can we ever omit whose , when or where ? Check it page 94 2a Decide if the relative pronouns are used correctly in these sentences. If not, correct them. 1 Polo is a sport who you play riding a horse. 2 In golf, the person whose score is the lowest wins. 3 In volleyball, the person who hand or arm touches the net loses the point. 4 New Zealand is the country where has a rugby team called the All Blacks. 5 Uruguay is the country that won the first FIFA World Cup®. 6 May or June are the months when they usually play the final of the UEFA Champions League. 7 England is the place that table tennis was invented. 8 Baseball is the sport which they play in the Yankee Stadium in New York. 2b Are there any sentences in 2a where you can omit the correct relative pronoun? If so, which?
correct form of a word from page 84. If a relative pronoun is not necessary, do not write anything. 1 are the things you wear on your feet to play football. 2 A is a place you can go to swim. 3 France is the country national football team the FIFA World Cup in 2018. 4 A is the building spectators go to watch football, rugby or baseball matches. 5 are things protect your eyes when you swim, for example. 6 The is the thing separates the two halves of a tennis court. 7 2019 was the year I started athletics. I hate cold weather, so it’s perfect for me! 8 An ice-hockey player is someone needs to wear to move on the ice. Prepare definitions for at least six words that you have learnt so far this year. Read your definitions to other students. Can they identify your words? speaking
The next activity is a cloze activity. You have a text with gaps, but you do not have the words to fill the gaps. What type of words do you think you will have to put in each gap? Exam tip
just four, they amputated his left hand. After the operation, Shaquemwanted to (d) catch up with his brother and play at the same level as him again. He (e) worked out really hard using special equipment designed by his dad. He really (f) went for it and became incredibly fast and strong. In 2018, he and his twin brother Shaquill (g) ended up playing together in the same team, the Seattle Seahawks. In one match, the Dallas Cowboys (h) knocked them out of the NFL play-offs, beating them24–22. But little things like that don’t affect Shaquem – he never (i) gives in !
3 Complete the text by writing one word in each space.
WHAT HAPPENS WHEN YOU MIX FOOTBALL AND GOLF?
1 stop competing and accept that you cannot win 2 try very hard to win or get something 3 start doing an activity with other people who are already doing it 4 begin a new sport or hobby 5 do physical exercise to become fit or strong 6 remove somebody from a competition by beating them (or, make somebody unconscious) 7 improve so that you can get to the same level or place as somebody in front of you 8 start enjoying something 9 be in a particular situation or position after doing something 2 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the phrasal verbs in 1. 1 I music when I was very young. I prefer it to sport. 2 I’d like to a new sport this year. 3 I in a gym to keep fit. 4 I don’t get sad or angry if my favourite team or sports star is of a competition. 5 When I want something a lot, like a good mark in an exam, I really it and nothing can stop me. 6 When I come back after a day or two away from school, I my work immediately. 7 When something is difficult, I quite quickly and just leave it. 8 I find it a bit difficult to group discussions because I’m quite shy. 9 I think I’ll being a professional sports person after I leave school. Use it … don’t lose it! Lorem ipsum
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It’s an everyday invention which tells you which direction to go when you’re driving, for example.
6 Complete the sentences with a defining relative clause giving your own opinion or information. 1 Judo is a sport … Judo is a sport which I have never tried. 2 The gym is a place … 3 PE is a subject … 4 Brazil is a country … 5 I think top sports stars are people … 6 Summer is the time …
Footgolf is a popular new sport (a) is a mixture of football and golf. The aim of the sport is similar (b) golf. You have (c) get a ball into a hole, (d) you don’t hit the ball with a club, you kick it with your foot. And the ball is a normal football, so it helps if you’re good (e) that sport. The place (f ) you play is similar to a golf course and normally the courses have water and trees so you need to go around them if you want a good score. At some footgolf courses they say that the only clothes (g) are acceptable to wear are smart golf clothes. But there are other clubs (h) you can join where informal clothes (i) allowed. Usually you ( j) wear football boots because they’re bad for the grass. A lot of young people seem interested (k) playing footgolf because they say it’s faster, more exciting and cheaper than real golf. Of course, the best time to play is the time (l) the weather is good, in the spring or summer.
7 Losing at sport is something … 8 Teqball and footgolf are sports … Use it … don’t lose it!
speaking Compare your sentences in 6. Justify your opinions or explain your information in more detail.
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speaking Look at the sentences in 2 and decide which are true for you. Then compare your answers with a partner. How many of your answers are the same?
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Reach higher
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Reach higher
page 139
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Unit 7
Unit 7
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