Listening
Grammar in context 2
1 Look at sentences a–f and answer the questions. a The cameramen, who were already professional climbers, did an amazing job. b He can do something which nobody else can. c Alex was the first person who climbed it on his own. d Sacramento, where he grew up, is quite close to Yosemite. e It was later, when he was at university, that he started climbing outdoors. f The wall, which is more than 900 metres high, is in Yosemite National Park. 1 Which sentences do you think are non- defining relative clauses – giving extra, non-essential information? 2 Which clauses have commas, defining or non-defining relative clauses? Non-defining relative clauses
Quantifiers
3 Read the text about climber Maureen Beck. Choose the best answer (a, b, c or d) to complete the text.
speaking Look at the photo and answer the questions. 1 What can you see? 2 What type of person do you think you have to be to do something like this?
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6 Look at these sentences and then match 1–6 to a–f to make complete rules. A few climbers have done that already. They don’t have any safety equipment. Few people consider free-soloing El Capitan. They used a lot of climbing equipment. He spent little time climbing outdoors when he was small. They take a little chalk for their hands, but not much . Some people think free-soloing is too dangerous. All/Most/Many/Lots/A lot/Some/A few/Few/None of us want to see what he does next. 1 We use many/a few/few … 2 We use much/a little/little … 3 We use a lot of/lots of/some/any … 4 We use a few/a little … 5 We use few/little … 6 We can use all/most/many/lots/a lot/some/ a few/few/none … a with both uncountable and plural countable nouns. b only with uncountable nouns. c only with plural countable nouns. d before ‘of + noun/pronoun’
You are going to do a true/false listening activity. What should you do if you miss the answer to a question? Exam tip
Maureen Beck, (1) is from Maine (US), is a champion climber. She was twelve years old (2) she first joined (3) summer camp. She immediately got (4) and wanted to spend all her time doing it. In 2012, she moved to Colorado, (5) is a great place for climbing. You might be surprised to know that Maureen, (6) mother wasn’t always happy about her climbing, was born without a left hand. (7) Maureen doesn’t think that’s important. She just considers herself a climber, like any other. She works a lot with other climbers (8) have disabilities. Some are blind, some are in wheelchairs, but really the only important thing is that they are all climbers and, like Maureen, they never give (9) . After all, one of the things (10) really motivates Maureen is winning medals and she already has a number of them! a rock-climbing activity at a climbing
2 54 Look at these statements about Alex Honnold, the climber in the photo. Then listen to a podcast about him and decide if each statement is T (True) or F (False). 1 Alex Honnold was the first person ever to climb a rock wall called El Capitan. T / F 2 ‘Free soloing’ is when you climb alone and with no equipment. T / F 3 Many people are trying to do what Alex does. T / F 4 Free soloists cannot take anything with them when they climb, apart from their clothes and trainers. T / F 5 The cameramen who made the film about Alex learnt to climb while they were making the film. T / F 6 Alex is relaxed when he climbs because of all the things he does before the climb. T / F 7 Alex began climbing mountains at a very early age. T / F 8 Alex loves living in his house near Sacramento, California. T / F
3 Can we omit the relative pronouns in sentences with non-defining clauses? 4 In sentence f, we cannot use that because of what comes just before the relative pronoun. What comes just before it?
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e to give a negative idea f to give a positive idea
2 Join the sentences with a relative clause. 1 The gym is modern. I work out there. (Defining) The gym where I work out is modern. 2 Volleyball is an Olympic sport. It’s very popular in Brazil. (Non-defining) Volleyball, which is very popular in Brazil, is an Olympic sport. 3 In 2019, the final was in Madrid. That year Liverpool won the Champions League. (Non-defining) 4 In Wales there are some important stadiums. Rugby is very popular there. (Non-defining) 5 Last week the race was live online. Lewis Hamilton was first. (Non-defining) 6 The match was really exciting. I saw it last night. (Defining) 7 Our PE teacher is great at basketball. Her dad was a professional. (Non-defining) 8 The tennis courts are great. They’re near my house. (Defining)
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7a Choose the correct alternative. 1 Few/Little people in this class like football. 2 All/Much of the students in this class can ski. 3 We have few/little time to do sport at the weekend. 4 We don’t have many/much practical PE lessons each week. 5 Any/None of the people in this class are in a school sports team. 6 You can play lot/lots of different sports at our school. 7 There are a few/a little people in this class who have won a sports cup or medal. 8 There are many/much clubs and societies at our school, apart from sports clubs. Work together as a class and find out/ decide which sentences in 7a are true and which are false for you. Use it … don’t lose it! 7b speaking Lorem ipsum
1 a when 2 a where
b that
c whose d who
b when
c that
d which
3 a in 4 a in
b into b into
c on c on
d up d up
5 a that 6 a who 7 a And
b which b which
c –
d where d whose
54 Listen again and correct the false sentences in 2.
3
c her
b So
c When
d But
4 54 Why are these things, numbers or years mentioned in the podcast? Listen again if necessary. 1 900 2 birds and insects 3 chalk 4 1958 5 18 6 5 7 university 8 35 Critical thinkers 5 Some climbers think free soloing is irresponsible because it’s so dangerous.
8 a – 9 a in
b who
c whose d where
b on
c out
d off d and
10 a that
b who
c –
4 Write short simple sentences with information about people, places, things, activities and events in this book. Institut Le Rosey is the most expensive school in the world.
speaking Write one true sentence about your class for each of these expressions. If necessary, ask other people questions to make sure your sentences are true. All/Most/Many/Lots/A lot/Some/A few/Few/None of us … All of us study maths.
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speaking Read your sentences to your partner. They must add extra information to the sentences using non-defining relative clauses.
5
Do you agree or disagree? What makes you say that? Use ideas in the listening and/or other facts, opinions and experiences to justify your opinion. Then share your ideas with a partner.
Institut Le Rosey, where students from all over the world study, is the most expensive school in the world.
Reach higher
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Unit 7
Unit 7
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