Grammar in context 1
Developing vocabulary
1a Match the reported sentences (1–5) to the direct sentences (a–e). 1 She told the press she didn’t usually eat cornflakes. 2 She said she had wanted to question it. 3 They said that that was one of his favourites. 4 He told them that he could walk through a supermarket and be inspired. 5 He said they would go bad in the end. a ‘They will go bad in the end.’ b ‘This is one of his favourites.’ c ‘I don’t usually eat cornflakes.’ d ‘I can walk through a supermarket and be inspired.’ e ‘I wanted to question it.’ 1b Choose the correct alternative. 1 Nouns/Pronouns usually change when they are changed from direct speech to reported speech. 2 The tenses of most verbs change/don’t change in reported speech. 3 The infinitive and past participle forms of the verb change/don’t change in reported speech. 4 With say we need/don’t need to include the person we spoke to. 5 With tell we need/don’t need to include the person we spoke to. 6 With say and tell we always need/don’t always need to use that . Reported speech – Statements Check it page 106 2 How do these tenses change in reported speech? Direct speech Reported speech 1 present simple → past simple 2 present continuous → 3 present perfect → 4 past simple →
Adjectives ending in -ing and -ed 1 Look at these adjectives. Are they generally positive (+) or negative (-)? Can any be both? If so, explain why. amazed • a mused • annoyed • bored • confused • depressed • disappointed • disgusted • embarrassed • entertained • excited • exhausted • fascinated • frightened • frustrated • gripped • inspired • interested • moved • relaxed • shocked • surprised • tired • uninspired • worried 2 All the adjectives in 1 also have an -ing form, e.g. amazed – amazing . Which form ( -ed or -ing ) do we use to describe how somebody feels? Which do we use to explain why somebody feels this way, or the effect that something has on somebody’s ideas and feelings?
3 Complete the table with these words. a (week/month/year) ago • here • the day before • the following (week/month/year) • the previous (week/month/year) • that • that night • today • tomorrow
6a Read this news story. What similarities and/or differences does it have with the text on page 97?
CAN A PINEAPPLE BE ART? Latest news | About
Direct speech
Reported speech
this
1
there
2
that day
3
yesterday
4
the next/following day
5
6b Read the statements made by people in the story. Put them in reported speech. 1 Ruairi Gray: ‘We have a friend who hates pineapples so we gave him a pineapple.’ 2 Ruairi Gray: ‘We saw an empty table and decided to put it there.’ 3 Ruairi Gray: ‘We thought it would just be taken down, but then a glass display was put over it.’ 4 Ruairi Gray: ‘I never thought it would happen like it did.’ 5 Natalie Kerr: ‘When we came in last Monday morning, someone had put it under glass and made it part of the display.’ 6 Natalie Kerr: ‘We were moving the exhibition, and came back after 10 minutes and it was in this glass case.’ 7 Ruairi Gray: ‘It’s the funniest thing that’s happened all year.’ Use it … don’t lose it! In 2017, two students, Lloyd Jack and Ruairi Gray, left a pineapple at an exhibition of modern art at Aberdeen’s Robert Gordon University in Scotland. They went back four days later and discovered that the pineapple was still there, and was now protected by a glass display case. They said they had left the £1 pineapple there to see if people would accept it as part of the exhibition. Natalie Kerr, a cultural assistant for the exhibition, thought it was playful and left it in the exhibition.
tonight
6
next (week/month/year)
7
3 Read the text and choose the correct alternative.
last (week/month/year)
8
A French artist called Abraham Poincheval did something very (a) surprising/surprised in an art museum in Paris 2017. He lived inside a rock for seven days. ROCK STAR A DIFFERENT KIND OF
a (week/month/year) before
9
4 Choose the correct alternative. 1 The artist said/told them that she preferred marmalade on toast for her breakfast. 2 She said –/the interviewer that cornflakes were amazing shapes. 3 She told –/the reporter that every single cornflake is unique. 4 He said/told that he liked the colour of bananas. 5 He said –/the interviewer that it didn’t bother him that the bananas went bad. 6 The artist said/told the important thing was the photo of the banana art when it was finished. 7 The photographer said –/us the photo of the potato was special for him. 8 They said/told the press that he had photographed many potatoes. 5 Now put the reported speech in 4 into direct speech. ‘I prefer marmalade on toast for my breakfast.’
4 Prepare things to say about five of the eight topics below. 1 Somebody you think is inspiring. 2 A moment in your life when you were surprised or shocked by something. 3 One of the most exciting things you’ve ever done. That doesn’t sound like a very (b) gripping/gripped experience, hardly being able to move for a week. But there was a small crack in the rock and Poincheval could talk to people so he didn’t feel too (c) boring/bored . In fact, there were moments when he was very (d) relaxing/relaxed , but other moments when it was (e) confusing/confused because he didn’t really know where he was or if it was day or night. When he came out of the rock he was (f) exhausting/exhausted , but he was also (g) inspiring/ inspired by the experience. Since then he’s done some other (h) amazing/amazed things. But not everybody can decide if his work is (i) fascinating/fascinated … or just weird! Lorem ipsum
4 A type of food you find disgusting. 5 Something that you are fascinated by. 6 A film that you found gripping. 7 A time when you were exhausted. 8 Something that you find very frustrating. Use it … don’t lose it!
5 will → 6 can → 7 may → 8 should → 9 must → 10 have to →
speaking Write down at least six things that your friends, family or teachers have said or told you recently. When you finish, tell your partner the things that people have said. Can your partner guess who said them?
7
speaking Talk about your topics from 4 with a partner. Ask and answer questions to keep the conversation going. When you finish, tell the class what your partner told you about one of the topics.
5
Someone told me that they’d been to an art exhibition.
Was it your dad?
Reach higher
page 139
Reach higher
page 139
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Unit 8
Unit 8
99
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