Copenhagen Hill Waste-to-energy Plant
heat, which may be interesting for the district heating com- panies to utilize.
In the spring of 2022, the "Cluster collaboration on CO2 trans- port and infrastructure in Greater Copenhagen" was estab- lished to initiate work on and make recommendations to the Parliament about what is needed to develop CO2 infrastructure in the capital area. In addition to HOFOR, CTR, Vestforbrænd- ing, and VEKS were 14 companies (behind the cluster coopera- tion), each of which has an interest in Denmark and the metro- politan area achieving the climate goals as cheaply as possible. In January 2023, the Cluster Collaboration submitted its report outlining the most important recommendations for CO2-trans- portation. Power-to-X As an alternative/supplement to storing CO2, this can be used in a Power-to-X (PtX) process to produce green fuels for heavy transport - trucks and ships - as well as aircraft. This process develops surplus heat, but the production of the excess heat can be highly fluctuating, which creates a need for huge heat stores and/or flexible backup heat capacity from, for example, biomass cogeneration/boilers with CO2 capture. The choice of PtX technology is decisive for the temperature of the surplus heat and whether or not the excess heat sup- ply is stable or fluctuating. The report also concludes that the district heating system in the capital can both deliver CO2 for collection and utilization and absorb and utilize up to 750 MW of surplus heat from PtX processes, provided that multi-string heat production is maintained. Heat storage A production mix based on multiple heat sources, as described above, necessitates the establishment of many more large heat storage facilities in the future - either as pit heat storage facilities or in pressurized steel tanks. With the future produc- tion mix, it is estimated that it will be profitable to increase the
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