31 R The Mining Boarding School, Later Universidad Técnica del Estado (now the Angamos Universidad de Antofagasta campus), Architect Enrique Benavente Muller, 1944-1960. This project is an early milestone in modernist architecture. Built by the Ministry of Public Works' Architecture Department, its construction lasted until 1960, incorporating modifications to the facades in 1956 by Miguel Zuvic and Alejandro Crestá. It first housed Universidad Técnica del Estado and, after merging with the local campus of Universidad de Chile in the 1970s, became part of Universidad de Antofagasta. 32 R Municipal Baths Casino, 1937, Architect Jorge Tarbuskovic Dulcic It was conceived as part of the coastal modernization project, combining sanitary facilities (toilets, showers, changing rooms) with leisure areas, terraces, and a casino. It was a space open to all social classes. Its im- portance lies in bringing together modernization, public health, and recreation, following international trends of using coastlines as public spaces. It shares similarities with nautical works in seaside resorts in Viña del Mar, Lima, Mendoza, Montevideo, as well as in San Francisco (USA), and in the Spanish context in San Sebastián and Vigo, which makes it part of a global vision. 33 R Luis Bisquertt Gymnasium at Universidad Católica del Norte, Architect Juan Ignacio Baixas, 1968-1976. The Luis Bisquertt Gymnasium, located on the southern edge of the Universidad Católica del Norte campus, is a radical expression of late modernism. Baixas was commissioned by Francisco Lira Valencia, who was implementing an innovative master plan based on the concept of a “mat-building.” The building takes advantage of the terrain´s steep slope to the east: the bleachers are located on a slope, the entrance is elevated to offer a panoramic view of the interior, and the courts are supported by dressing rooms and storage rooms on the lower level. The roof, a tensioned metal structure in the shape of a catenary, incorporates skylights that receive indirect light from the south and provides protection from the north. The ends, anchoring the roof, are exposed concrete brutalist elements, emphasizing the structural tension and creating a dramatic effect that combines functionality, technological innovation, and sculptural expres- sion in a sports venue with great visual character. 34 R Regional University College of Antofagasta, 1962-1963, Ivan Godoy; Kurt Konrad; Alberto Sartori; Guillermo Schenke; German Wignant; Vicente Bruna; Santiago Arias. The complex organizes volumes articulated by intermediate spaces where the shade becomes a central element. The architects valued chiaroscuro: extended eaves, underground streets, ocean views from the casino, and controlled light in the library. In 1968, the Argentinian magazine Summa also recognized the project, highlighting the authors' ability to integrate the complex into the desert context and the resolution of architectural details. 35 R Gran Vía / Huanchaca Building (Curved) / Caliche Building, Ricardo Pulgar San Martín, 1955-1978 Initiated by the Caja de Empleados Particulares (Private Employees' Fund) and developed by the Edmundo Pérez Zujovic Construction Company under the direction of Ricardo Pulgar San Martín between 1955 and 1978, it was the largest-scale urban project in northern Chile. Initially conceived as a housing complex, the proposal evolved to in- corporate mid-rise buildings, continuous buildings, and a skyscraper, achieving formal diversity and a progressive increase in density within a harmonious composition. Among its landmarks is the Huanchaca or Curvo building (1967-1969), which takes advantage of a circular sinkhole in the old Municipal Quarry. With a continuous base of six stories and 380 meters in length, it curves
and connecting visually and functionally with the main avenue that runs along the western edge of the complex.
to overcome the topographical unevenness. Above it, a public terrace connects the upper and lower cities, while isolated buildings complete 278 apartments. The slope is dramatized, and the neighborhood space is integrated into the topography, establishing different urban scales. Afterwards, the Caliche (1970-1974) was erected, a linear building 680 meters long with 404 apartments, divided into two sections and with a variable height of six to seven stories. Its one-to three-level base functions as a public platform, connecting upper buildings and offering elevated pedestrian walkways that separate vehicle traffic. The rear street rein- forces the organization and perception of the building as a livable plane. With these solutions, Gran Vía brought to life a modern urban vision, adapted to the desert and the topography of Antofagasta, integrating housing, public space, and traffic coherently and monumentally. !
One of the main attributes of Club Hípico de Santiago - in addition to its remarkable architectural heritage, a legacy of architect Josué Smith Solar - is its magnificent 1,200-meter-long grass track. Thirty gardeners work there every day, exposed to the sun throughout the day, stopping at noon to have lunch and rest in the shade. In mid-2021, Club Hípico de Santiago commissioned us to design a dining room for these track maintenance workers. In a complex economic context due to the pandemic, the commission had to respond to both a tight budget and to the high expectations of users, who were hoping to finally have a comfortable place to have lunch and rest. We chose brick because it is an inexpensive material that is manufac- tured in Chile, thus eliminating enormous import costs. Its well-known construction technique, good durability over time, and low maintenance costs seemed to be ideal attributes for building this cool, shaded resting place. Finally, brick gave us the versatility we were looking for to achieve a “monolithic” construction, thus resolving the entire built volume with a single main material and eliminating items that require high-cost specialized labor. The project aims to create a cool shade, similar to a pergola, which allows filtered natural light to pass through while controlling direct sunlight. We envisioned a rectangular structure, positioned parallel to the track, 03_ Dining Room for the Track Maintenance Staff at Club Hípico de Santiago The key element was the wall that would later become an extension, measuring 14 meters long by 6.20 meters high, built in the first house as its north facade and which, once the site had been subdivided into two, was attached to the second house along its entire length and height, in accordance with Article 2.6.2 of the OGUC. Both houses, which are different from each other, are made of exposed concrete on the first floor with a metal structure and prefabricated wooden elements on the second floor. This exercise allows the density or number of housing units to be doubled without increasing the built area. This is achieved by reducing the minimum subdivision areas established in the respective Regula- tory Plan, adapting them to a more realistic, limited, and economically accessible scale. ! In the specific case of this project, this article was used to subdivide a 370 m² plot of land, the minimum subdivision of which is 500 m² in the Vitacura municipality. The sites were left with a frontage of 6.76 and 7.24 meters each, with construction taking place between dividing walls and making the most of the attached buildings. The first floors feature open common areas illuminated by light from the east and west, plus a paved patio in the rear. on the same property, on a one-time basis, when there is an affordable dwelling on it and the resulting sites are not less than 60 m² for two floors and 100 m² for one floor. In the event of subdivision, only the urban planning regulations ap- plicable to this situation, such as minimum property area and setbacks, are exempt from compliance. However, the new building erected on the land resulting from the subdivision must comply with all the regulations of the respective Regulatory Plan and with the other legal and regulatory standards that apply to it, such as maintaining distances, attachments, and gradients with neighboring sites, as well as the maximum height, constructability, and land use of the floor or floors, as applicable. In the event that another dwelling is built on the property without subdivision, the new dwelling must be affordable, and the regulations of the respec- tive territorial planning instrument shall not apply to such construction. Also, depending on the case, it is possible to build a second dwelling on a second floor above the first one that is already built.
28 R Antofagasta Regional Hospital, Leonardo Guzmán, 1957-1967. Alfredo Celedón, Hernán Aubert, & Frank Fones It was designed by architects from the now defunct Architecture Depart- ment of the National Health Service (SNS) together with the Hospital Facilities Construction Company (SCEH), including Alfredo Celedón, Hernán Aubert, and Frank Fones. The design was developed between 1957 and 1960, mainly by Celedón, and construction took place between 1960 and 1967, with a partial inauguration in 1966 to mark the city's centenary. The building combines a base and tower typology, located on an ur- ban edge facing the desert mountains, articulating territorial and urban scale. Its uniqueness among SNS hospitals lies in the monumentality of its glass facades in the hospitalization tower and operating rooms, along with the extensive use of lattices and courtyards in the base intended for offices and services. The base interacts with Avenida Argentina through prefabricated lattice walls with circular openings in two sizes, regulating light and temperature. The elevated access level is reached by stairs leading to a transparent and luminous public space, above which the six-story tower rises. The work concludes with a habitable terrace topped by a sculpted yellow water tank. 29 R UTE / Universidad Técnica del Estado, BVCH / Bresciani, Valdés, Castillo, Huidobro, 1960-1961 This project combined new buildings with the existing architecture of the former School of Mines. The general plan, released in 1960, orga- nized pavilions for workshops, laboratories, administration, lecture halls, warehouses, and sports facilities, articulated with the topography and the future Costanera and Angamos avenues. The initial program included foundry, mechanical, and electrical workshops, physics and machine laboratories, carpentry, and technical offices, while buildings for administration, classrooms, and an auditorium were added later. Three main pavilions with skylight roofs were built, along with a smaller volume and the reuse of existing buildings for the Mining and Chemistry departments. The pavilions adopted elongated quadrangular shapes, nestled into the slope to allow access from the second level and spacious double-height interiors, with pyramidal skylights illuminating the workspaces. Arranged off-center on a northeast-southwest axis, they created stepped platforms and semi-buried plinths that reinforced the relationship with the slope and the city. The complex reflected the geometric rationality of modern architec- ture, incorporating sensitivity to the landscape, functionality, and human scale, achieving an orderly campus rooted in the urban and natural context of Antofagasta. 30 R Regional Stadium, Mario Recordón, Alberto Sartori, A. Gómez, & L. Lira, 1959-1964 The project took advantage of the slope of the land to articulate the grandstands: to the east, they blend into the topography, and to the west, they overlap on two levels, creating an urban presence with a strong brute character. The project arose after negotiations began in 1955, led by Alberto Calvo and Miguel Bascuñán, and in 1959, the Municipality hired the firm Recordón, Gómez y Lira Ltda., with engineering by Jorge Skorin. The program included capacity for 25,000-27,000 spectators, a soc- cer field, and a regulation athletic track, along with training fields. The land of the former Equestrian Club was expropriated, and construction began in 1961 with Wedeles, Balmaceda, Mathieu y Cía., seeking to host the 1962 World Cup. However, delays and stoppages led to Arica being designated as a sub-venue. Work resumed in 1963 with the Jorge Razmilic y Cía. company, with the structural work being completed on June 4, 1964, and the inauguration taking place in October of that year.
WORKS
01_ The Lift Building
The LIFT is a mixed-use building with 48 apartments and 3 commercial premises distributed over 7 floors and 3 underground levels. It is located on Avenida Vitacura and the corner of Cuernavaca, opposite the Manquehue Sports Club. In this strategic and exclusive location, the project seeks to develop an elegant yet avant-garde building, combining residential comfort with commercial versatility. It also looks to create virtuous and dynamic interactions through its different connecting spaces, contrib- uting to the environment and revitalizing a corner with great potential. As a general plan, two residential volumes are created, differentiated in terms of their layout and separated by a large 6-story atrium. One volume faces a neighborhood-scale environment on Nazca Street and consists of 3-bedroom apartments, while the other volume faces Vitacura and consists of 2-bedroom apartments. These residential volumes are suspended on sloping supports on the first floor and underground levels, and accommodate a commercial area which, through its glass facades, provides visibility and accessibility, creating a dynamic connection with the surrounding urban life. The first floor, without enclosures, is designed as a gift to the com- munity, creating different open public areas, including an entrance plaza defined by a series of planter boxes and an English courtyard accessed via a wide public staircase. Inside, the spatial relationships are composed of a large atrium and connecting bridges whose finishes, textures, and cladding create move- ment and rhythm. Thanks to the landscaping and lighting, they evoke a modern, bright, and welcoming atmosphere. The interior spaces and terraces were designed using post-tensioned slabs, favoring wide spans and thus achieving more integrated and con- tinuous spaces. The top of the building belongs to the penthouse floor, with duplex apartments that have exclusive penthouse-style terraces at the top, where you can enjoy fabulous views of the surrounding hills. The building itself, given its prime location, the way it sits on the land, and how it blends into the surroundings, creating relationships with its neighbors, has become a landmark within the community; a building that is recognized and recognizable to its neighbors and those who travel along this main artery in the eastern part of the capital. !
02_ 624 Housing
This project for two semi-detached houses, which will accommodate two families, is based on the application of Article 6.2.4. of the General Urban Planning and Construction Ordinance, which states that in urban areas, a site may be subdivided into two or a second dwelling may be built
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