Gabriel Barros Torrealba Arquitecto (1937–2025) On the other hand, the Modulor is represented in the Panel Window in terms of design determination, and, at the same time, it presents a tactile corporeality in the sense of proximity to the materiality of concrete. The measurement 113 is the permanent measurement in this panel, measuring the central horizontal of the Panel Window, while the measure- ment 43 determines the extremes, above and below the 113 panel. The measurement 27 determines the volume that separates the window from the structure, a mediation that, in this case, Le Corbusier uses as aeration, where the window changes materiality and is constructed with another material: wood. This element mediates and separates the two functions of the Panel Window, vision and lighting, in relation to lateral ventilation. The Panel Window is therefore measured on two scales, represented by materiality and functionality. The first is the single-material scale determined by concrete, measuring 318, and measuring 372 in total, incorporating 27 at both ends. This defines it as a composite window, in which the use of the Modulor not only determines the formal composition but also introduces its determination into the window´s functional con- struction. This condition constitutes the essence of the measurement in the Panel Window. This measurement, on a smaller scale, is what allows for this possibility of variation and derivation. Le Corbusier, at one point, proposes the Panel Window as unique, determined in the same measure, without attributing to it the possibility of variability, so it appears determined as a single element that responds to problems of general formal appearance and not to problems of vari- ation in interior spaces, lighting, and stratification. Being a repetitive element that would approach the conventional, the initial origin of a single measure to be constructed. Tras un período como seminarista, retomó sus estudios y se tituló de arquitecto en la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile en 1971. Inició su carrera en reconocidas oficinas, entre ellas las de Carlos Alberto Cruz C. y Alemparte y Barreda, experiencia que cimentó su sello profesional: rigor técnico, criterio urbano y vocación pública. Durante más de 30 años sirvió en Direcciones de Obras Mu- nicipales (DOM) de Lampa, Providencia, Las Condes y Vitacura. Desde ese rol contribuyó decisivamente a profesionalizar la gestión municipal de proyectos, elevando estándares de revi- sión, trazabilidad y transparencia en los procesos de permisos. Fruto de esta trayectoria publicó una de las primeras guías para profesionales de las DOM y formó a numerosas generaciones en todo el país a través de la Fundación Konrad Adenauer. En el ámbito de la Revisión Independiente, fue pionero: constituyó una de las primeras oficinas de Arquitecto Revi- sor Independiente, inicialmente junto a su socio Guillermo Bermúdez y posteriormente junto al arquitecto Raúl Arrate. Fue socio fundador de la Asociación Nacional de Reviso- res Independientes (ANRI), en la que participó activamente, ayudando a consolidar el rol del revisor independiente como garante técnico y ético del sistema. En esta especialidad le correspondió informar proyectos emblemáticos, entre ellos Costanera Center, aportando solvencia normativa y criterio urbano en iniciativas de alto impacto. Asimismo, fue socio de la Asociación de Oficinas de Arqui- tectos (AOA), espacio en el que valoró el diálogo profesional y la construcción colectiva de buenas prácticas. Ejerció su profesión hasta poco antes de su fallecimiento. Más allá de su obra pública y gremial, su mayor orgullo fue su familia. Casado con Lucía Wormald, deja a sus hijos Florencia, Margarita y Tomás, y a nueve nietos, su legado más entrañable. Acompañamos con mucho cariño a su familia. The Panel Window always looks at itself and is always seen from itself. The particularities of the Panel Window, on the 0 elevation, east interior elevation, immediately to the north of the chapel. One type of Panel Win- dow reverses the concept of full and empty, replacing the opaque central panel with an empty center, allowing vision and illumination at that point. On the -1 elevation, interior west elevation. The Panel Window presents a variation in the determination of the unit and the series, constituting serial bodies of 3 units, 3, 3, and 1. RAÚL ARRATE , SOCIO DE BARROS Y ARRATE ARQUITECTOS The Panel Window always existed in La Tourette, from the project´s origin. However, it underwent development and transformations, finally leading to a determination and selection of its location. This is the only window that exists exclusively inside the Cloister, characterizing the stratification or cut in the wall´s vertical plane. In another aspect, the central blind panel of the Panel Window stratifies the window itself on another scale. In the horizontal plane, it interrupts the emptiness typical of conventional windows; this cutout of light and vision determines its dual condition of being both full and empty. One observation that should be added is that there are studies be- fore the Undulated Window in which the Panel Window appears on the west and south exterior elevations. Subsequently, the development of the project and the participation of Xenakis would definitively replace it with the Undulated Window. EN MEMORIA one that the study constantly refers to; from the initial models of of the element, scale 1:20, to the subsequent construction of the latter was inscribed in the fragments until the construction of the concrete model on a scale 1:5. Parallel to this, the model of the Convent was built at a scale of 1:100, and the panel window was drawn on paper on a scale of 1:1. Distinctly, the Undulated window presents total linearity that runs with different intensities, based on the Modulor series. This places the Panel Window in a unique and specific position that has the particularity of creating a simultaneous view of itself. This simul- taneity is due to the location factor. The window occupies two levels of Cloister´s stratification, forming the inner perimeter in a U-shape, only on the 0 elevation, and on the -1 elevation, it exists only on the inner west elevation.
Obituario Arquitectura Internacional 2025 El año 2025 marcó la partida de destacadas figuras de la arquitectura mundial, cuyos legados continúan inspirando a nuevas generaciones de arquitectos y urbanistas. Unlike the 0 elevation, the window unit always remains, with only one particular case, the south interior elevation, where the protruding volume interrupts a window that maintains the 318 measurement of type A, but separates the wall into two planes, forming two elements.
6 de marzo: Ricardo Scofidio (Estados Unidos, 1935–2025) Regarding the placement of windows in the wall. The three under consideration are: the horizontal window on the +1 and +2 elevations, the undulated window occupying the entire volume of the cloister, as well as the interior intersection; large duct and small duct, and the panel window. They create the problem of placement in the wall, that is, they replace the wall, which is constructed based on the window void, which is a key property in determining the volume of the Cloister. Cofundador del reconocido estudio Diller Scofidio + Renfro, el neoyorquino Ricardo Scofidio falleció el 6 de marzo de 2025, a los 89 años. Figura clave en la arquitectura experimental y urbana contemporánea, fue autor junto a Elizabeth Diller de muchos proyectos entre ellos el High Line Park y la remodelación del museo MoMA en Nueva York, proyectos emblemáticos de la regeneración urbana de esa ciudad. This condition is mainly possible due to the structural concept based on pillars and slabs, which gives the wall autonomy independent of the structure. Occasionally, at the end of the interior corridors, there is a casement window that poses the problem of lighting, which is part of the issue of window placement in the wall. This conclusion attempts to highlight not only the fundamental points of the study, but also to dwell on those that, although seemingly less important, are the seeds of new reflections. 21 de agosto: Ruth Verde Zein (Brasil, 1945–2025) Teórica y crítica de arquitectura brasileña, Ruth Verde Zein falleció el 21 de agosto en São Paulo. Fue profeso- ra, investigadora y referente intelectual en el ámbito de la crítica latinoamericana. Su labor académica y su libro “Arquitetura Brasileira Contemporânea” marcaron una huella duradera. Recibió el Premio Rogelio Salmona por su aporte a la reflexión sobre la arquitectura moderna en América Latina. In closing, I must specify the title of this study, which could be: How Le Corbusier creates window architecture, without it being the protagonist or singular feature, but rather inscribed, yet autonomous, within the work as a whole. How Le Corbusier creates his architecture from an element, or a part, having simultaneously determined the whole. Regarding Determination and Indetermination, these are nothing more than a way of understanding the construction process, from the design stage to its realization, and the urgent need in architecture for definition and choice that runs from the element to the whole, and at the same time, from the whole to each element. 14 de septiembre: Nicholas Grimshaw (Reino Unido, 1939–2025) En Londres falleció el arquitecto británico Nicholas Grimshaw, una de las figuras más destacadas del movimiento High Tech. Autor de obras emblemáticas como la Estación de Waterloo y el Eden Project en Cornualles, Grimshaw fue presidente del Royal Insti- tute of British Architects (RIBA) y referente en el uso innovador de materiales y estructuras industriales en la arquitectura contemporánea. Le Corbusier's proposal for La Tourette is formally a volumetric syn- thesis that acts as a support for a complex exploration of elements and measurements, derivations, and variations. There is, therefore, a duality in the complexity of the parts in contrast to the simplicity of the whole. Interpretation of the building A.1. The volume of the church A.2. The volume of the convent
X
Desde los comienzos de AOA, un destacado y fiel grupo de empresas nos ha acompañado con apoyo en las actividades formativas y sociales que emprendemos, siendo una pieza fundamental en nuestros logros como asociación.
Nuestros agradecimientos a:
23 de septiembre: Kongjian Yu (China, 1963–2025)
B.1. The horizontal planes or slabs. B.2. The vertical planes or walls.
El arquitecto y paisajista chino Kongjian Yu, fundador del estudio Turenscape y creador del concepto de las “Ciudades Esponja”, falleció el 23 de septiembre de 2025 en São Paulo, durante la Bienal de Arquitectura. Formado en la Universidad de Harvard, Yu fue un in- fluyente defensor de la infraestructura ecológica y del diseño urbano resiliente frente a las crisis ambientales del siglo XXI. The origin of this thesis was not to conduct a purely intellectual analytical study, but rather to start from an exploratory system based on the work, development, and creating a survey and a series of analyses, diagrams, and models at different scales to address the element of the Panel Window from different perspectives, considering that in architecture, elements take on different dimensions in relation to their dependence or independence from the context to which they belong. The Panel Window manages to establish itself as an autonomous element with its own order, measurement, structure, and materiality, which determine it in the field of design, constituting it as a complex architectural element. ! 3 de octubre: Enrique Ciriani (Perú, 1936–2025)
El arquitecto peruano Enrique Ciriani, figura clave de la arquitectura moderna latinoamericana, falleció en París el 3 de octubre de este año. Fue socio del chileno Borja Huidobro en sus primeros años en Francia, y autor de una vasta obra de vivienda colectiva inspirada en los principios del modernismo de Le Corbusier. Su pensamiento y su enseñanza marcaron a generaciones de arquitectos en América Latina y Europa.
164 ←
→ 189
AOA / n°53
Made with FlippingBook - Online magazine maker