4.4 PANDEMICS
MARIO SANTOS MOREIRA Mario Santos Moreira has been president of the Oswaldo Cruz
Latin America and the Caribbean, provides a Mercosur training programme that combines theoretical instruction with hands-on training, and manages six PAHO Collaborating Centres on primary health care, leptospirosis, teaching for the health technical workforce, human milk bank, global health and South-South cooperation, and pharmaceuticals policies. Fiocruz also chairs three networks of national public health institutes – in Latin America and the Caribbean, in Ibero-America and in Portuguese-speaking countries – underscoring its commitment to build critical capabilities by strengthening these institutions regionally. At the global level, Fiocruz coordinates the WHO Collaborative Open Research Consortium on Flavivirus and supports capacity building on genomic surveillance to Latin American, Caribbean and Portuguese-speaking countries. It also integrates the Leadership Committee of the International Pathogen Surveillance Network and hosts the WHO Hub for the development and production of vaccines using mRNA in Latin America. It participates in the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations’ network of vaccine manufacturers in the Global South and chairs the Pasteur Network, an alliance of 32 institutes across 25 countries and five continents, fostering a dynamic and diverse community of knowledge and expertise, now also focused on pandemic preparedness. Fiocruz also cooperates closely with Unitaid, the Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative and the Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases, and actively contributes to key pandemic preparedness initiatives such as the 100 Days Mission and the Global Therapeutics Development Coalition. Through its international and regional partnerships, Fiocruz is strengthening surveillance, expanding production capabilities and developing the health workforce, integrating these efforts into a robust ecosystem aimed at reducing dependence on outdated technologies. In a world marked by risks to multilateralism, strengthening local production and consolidating the role of national public health institutes are urgent imperatives. Fiocruz’s experience demonstrates the potential of combining science, innovation and cooperation to build better-prepared health systems committed to promoting a fairer and more sustainable world, where no one is left behind. ▪
Hunger and Poverty and advocated for the Global Coalition for Local and Regional Production, Innovation and Equitable Access, for which Fiocruz was nominated as the secretariat. Fiocruz also hosted the first conference of the G20 national public health institutes, drawing attention to the vital role they play in translating political decisions into effective health policies. As a think tank, Fiocruz coordinated two sub-taskforces on health within the Think 20, a G20 engagement group made up of a global network of think tanks, in close collaboration with the Institute of Applied Economic Research. Its researchers contributed over 10 policy briefs, providing evidence-based recommendations to G20 leaders on pressing health issues encompassing the social and environmental determinants of health. In the BRICS, Fiocruz coordinates three initiatives delegated by the Ministry of Health: the Vaccine R&D Centre, the Network of Research on Public Health and Health Systems, and the conference of BRICS national public health institutes. The first two were highlighted in the leaders’ declaration at Rio in July, and the conference was acknowledged in the health ministers’ declaration in June in Brasilía. BUILDING REGIONAL AND GLOBAL NETWORKS These contributions reflect the foundation’s commitment to advancing global health equity through knowledge, innovation and diplomacy, and underscore the relevance of multilateral forums and, above all, the power of cooperation in shaping global responses. To advance capacity for pandemic prevention, preparedness and response, Fiocruz manages several activities. At the national level, it has developed the ÆSOP (Alert-Early System of Outbreaks with Pandemic Potential), which combines mathematical modelling, machine learning and data science to integrate multiple sources of information and support epidemiological surveillance in making agile and evidence-based decisions. This open platform is the front line of Fiocruz’s performance along with the WHO Hub for Pandemic and Epidemic Intelligence in Berlin. At the regional level, in partnership with the Pan American Health Organization, Fiocruz chairs the Strategic Advisory Group on Increasing Regional Innovation and Production Capacities for Medicines and Other Health Technologies. It also accesses manufacturing capacities for vaccines in
Foundation (Fiocruz) since 2023, hav- ing joined the foundation in 1994. He is president of the Pasteur Network and represents the Americas on its board, is a member of the steering committee of the International Pandemic Prepared- ness Secretariat and chairs the Strate- gic Advisory Group on Strengthening Regional Innovation and Manufac- turing Capacities for Medicines and Other Health Technologies at the Pan American Health Organization. He is a member of the Emergency Advisory Group at the Africa Centres for Dis- ease Control and Prevention and chair of the Assembly of the Paraná Institute
PAULO MARCHIORI BUSS Paulo Marchiori Buss is a paediatrician and of Molecular Biology. X-TWITTER @ Mario_S_Moreira
professor emeritus of the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), director of the Collaborating Center for Global Health and South-South Cooperation of the Pan American Health Organiza- tion, and former president of Fiocruz. He has been with Fiocruz’s National School of Public Health since 1976 and served twice as director. He was vice president of the World Health Organization’s Executive Committee in 2010–2011 and represented Brazil at the World Health Assembly from 2005 to 2019 as well as at the Pan American Health Conference.
JOÃO MIGUEL ESTEPHANIO
João Miguel Estepha- nio is a PhD candidate
in international relations at the Uni- versity of Brasília and represents the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz) as a member of Brazil’s delegations to the G20 Health Working Group and to BRICS. With nearly two decades of experience bridging the public and private health sectors, he focuses on global health diplomacy, public- private partnerships and the politics of innovation in health systems.
X-TWITTER @Fiocruz_en Fiocruz.br
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Health: A Political Choice – The Future of Health in a Fractured World
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