Wildlife Action Plan 2015 Revision Process White Paper
20. Management for Sustainability and Species Subject to Exploitation. Designing and implementing measures to conserve biological diversity is a complex problem. In addition to the need for scientifc data to make informed decisions, the planning process is also subject to prioritization as well as the availability of budget and resources (Arponen 2012; Tear et al. 2005) . Given these limitations and constraints it is important to direct eforts toward those species with the greatest need rather than focusing a majority of resources on species that will persist without conservation eforts (Arponen 2012) . Populations that are most at risk of extinction will likely have the greatest management need to maintain the potential for recovery or to preserve genetic diversity of the species. Conceptually, the sustainable use of wildlife does not lead to the long-term decline of biological diversity and maintains present and future uses of the resource (Weinbaum et al. 2013) . Measures can be taken to support sustainable harvests or protect populations, including management for sustainable yields, restoration of habitats to beneft the species, propagation to supplement populations intended for harvest or collection, and targeted law enforcement oversight to detect illegal harvest or take. Species subject to exploitation through harvest are game animals and sport fsh. Nongame species may be exploited through permits that allow limited collection for scientifc study or for business or per- sonal uses. Illegal taking of animals for exportation, pet trade, or food is another source of exploitation. Ranking scores are assigned based on the extent to which management eforts are needed for conservation of at-risk populations or to sustain harvestable populations.
Is management needed and are current levels of action sufcient to maintain populations?
(a) Current high management needs and current levels of action are not sufcient to maintain long-term viable populations.
(b) Low to moderate management needs but current levels of action are not sufcient to maintain long-term viable populations.
(c) High management needs and current levels are sufcient to maintain viable populations.
(d) Low to moderate management needs and current levels are sufcient to maintain viable populations.
(e) Management needs are unknown.
(f) Management is not needed.
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2015 NC Wildlife Action Plan
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