3.11 Pelagic Seabirds
T ABLE 3.33 Potential partners and partnerships for pelagic bird conservation State Agencies Federal Agencies Conservation Organizations NC Museum of Natural Sciences National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Partners in Flight
NC Wildlife Resources Commission NC Division of Marine Fisheries
South Atlantic Migratory Bird Initiative (SAMBI) partners US Fish and Wildlife Service, Region 4 Seabird Working Group; Eastern North Carolina-Southeastern Virginia Strategic Habitat Conservation Team (includes NPS and USGS in addition to USFWS) International Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies (Shorebird and Waterbird Working Group) South Atlantic Fisheries Management Council Bermuda Ministry of the Environment
Te Waterbird Conservation Council Waterbird Monitoring Partnership—Patuxent Wildlife Research Center
Other state fsh and wildlife agencies
Circumpolar Seabird Working Group
Waterbird Society
Society of Caribbean Ornithology National Audubon Society and state Audubon chapters American Bird Conservancy South Atlantic Landscape Conservation Cooperative Bermuda Audubon Society
measures; and to review the estimation methodologies and compile indirect bycatch mor- tality estimates for sea turtles (ICCAT 2014) .
3.11.4 Management Needs Management of pelagic birds in the United States falls under the jurisdiction of the USFWS. To address concerns about negative interactions with marine fsheries, the NOAA Fisheries Unit (hereafter NOAA Fisheries) works with the USFWS, regional fsheries management councils and coastal states through the Interagency Seabird Working Group. As a part of this Working Group’s efort, in 2001 NOAA Fisheries (also National Marine Fisheries Service, NMFS) began implementing the National Plan of Action for Reducing the Incidental Catch of Seabirds in Longline Fisheries (NMFS 2001) . In that same year, an Executive Order established that every federal agency whose actions are likely to impact migratory bird populations negatively must enter into a Memorandum of Understanding with the USFWS (Murphy 2004) .
Two specifc issues relevant to North Carolina include bird bycatch in gillnets (espe- cially for Red-throated Loon, Common Loon, and Northern Gannet) (Hunter 2004b) and
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2015 NC Wildlife Action Plan
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