References
• Key natural areas must be protected during large-scale applications of insecticides with broad nontarget impacts. Tis is especially important in areas where native habitats are restricted in distribution (e.g., maritime and longleaf pine forests) (Hall et al. 1999a) . • Moths and other night-fying insects are particularly impacted by outdoor lighting and where possible, low-voltage, shielded fxtures should be used. Lighting of any kind should be avoided around habitats likely to support rare nocturnal insects (Hall 1999a). • Native fowering plants are benefcial to bumble bees by providing nectar and pollen sources. Perennial plants with purple, blue, or yellow fowers may be preferred (Hatfeld et al. 2012). • When applying management treatments (fre, mowing, herbicides) to habitats, leave one or more large patches untreated to serve as refugia. When burning areas with bumble bee nests, consider burning no more than one-third of the land area each year and burning specifc areas once every three to six years (Hatfeld et al. 2012). • Do not purchase commercial bumble bees for use outside of the native range of the spe- cies. Only use commercial bumble bees in greenhouses. Do not use them for open-feld crops. (Hatfeld et al. 2012) . Conservation Programs and Partnerships. Conservation programs, incentives, and partnerships should be utilized to the fullest extent to preserve high-quality resources and protect important natural communities. Protective measures that utilize existing regula- tory frameworks to protect habitats and species should be incorporated where applicable. Land conservation or preservation can serve numerous purposes in the face of anticipated climate change, but above all, it promotes ecosystem resilience.
References Abell RA, Olsen DM, Dinerstein E, Hurley PT, Diggs, JT, Eichbaum, W, Walters S, Wettengel W, Allnutt T, Loucks CJ, et al. 2000. Freshwater ecoregions of North America: a conservation assessment. Washington (DC): Island Press. 319 p. Abell R, Tieme ML, Revenga C, Bryer M, Kottelat M, Bogutskaya N, Coad B, Mandrak N, Balderas SC, Bussing W, et al. 2008. Freshwater ecoregions of the world: a new map of biogeographic units for freshwater biodiversity conservation. BioSci. 58(5):403–414.
Adams WF, editor. 1990. A report on the conservation status of North Carolina’s freshwater and terrestrial molluscan fauna. Te Scientifc Council on Freshwater and Terrestrial Mollusks. 246 p. Adams M, Miller D, Muths E, Corn P, Grant E, Bailey I, Fellers G, Fisher R, Sadinski W, Waddle H, et al. 2013. Trends in amphibian occupancy in the United States. PLoS ONE. [accessed 2015 August];8(5):e64347. doi:10.1371/journal. pone.0064347. Allendorf FW, Lundquist LL. 2003. Introduction: population biology, evolution, and control of invasive species. Conserv Biol. 17:24–30.
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2015 NC Wildlife Action Plan
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