5.2 Treats, Stressors, and Emerging Concerns
Threat Category Section/Category Description 4
5.6 Transportation & Service Corridors Treats are from long, narrow transport corridors and the vehicles that use them, including associated wildlife mortality. Tese include roads and railroads; utility and service lines; ship- ping lines; and fight paths. 5 5.7 Biological Resource Use Treats are from consumptive use of “wild” biological resources, including deliberate and unintentional harvesting efects, as well as persecution or control of specifc species. Tese include hunting and collecting terrestrial animals; gathering terrestrial plants; logging and wood harvesting; and fshing and harvesting aquatic resources. 6 5.8 Human Intrusions & Disturbance Treats are from human activities that alter, destroy, and disturb habitats and species associ- ated with non-consumptive uses of biological resources. Tese include all recreational activ- ities; military exercises; work; and other activities (research, vandalism, law enforcement, illegal activities). 7 5.9 Natural System Modifcations Treats are from actions that convert or degrade habitat in service of “managing” natural or semi-natural systems, often to improve human welfare. Tese include fre and fre suppression; man-made dams and water management/use; and other ecosystem modifcations (land recla- mation; shoreline hardening; beach reconstruction, snag removal from streams, etc.). 8 5.10 Invasive & Other Problematic Species & Genes Treats are from nonnative and native plants, animals, pathogens/microbes, or genetic mate- rials that have or are predicted to have harmful efects on biodiversity following their introduc- tion, spread, and/or increase in abundance. Tese include invasive nonnative/alien species; problematic native species (e.g., beavers); introduced genetic material (e.g., genetically modi- fed insects; hatchery or aquaculture raised species). 9 5.11 Pollution Treats are from introduction of exotic and/or excess materials or energy from point and non- point sources. Tese include household sewage and urban wastewater; industrial and military efuents; agricultural and forestry efuents; garbage and solid waste; airborne pollutants; and excess energy (e.g., ambient noise, sonar, cold or hot water from power plants, beach lights, etc.). 10 5.12 Climate Change & Severe Weather Treats are from long-term climatic changes that may be linked to global warming and other severe climatic or weather events outside the natural range of variation that could wipe out a vulnerable species or habitat. Tese include habitat shifting and alteration; droughts; tempera- ture extremes; storms and fooding. 11 5.13 Disease & Pathogens Treats are from bacteria, viruses, protozoa, fungi, and parasites. Tese include exotic or introduced pathogens; prion (nonviral, nonbacterial) disease; and zoonotic diseases. Wildlife species may act as hosts or reservoirs. Although some threats may create minor impacts when acting alone, the cumulative impact or the synergistic efects from multiple threats may lead to dramatic ecological changes (Fischlin et al. 2007), so we have included information in each threat category about expected impacts to Species of Greatest Conservation Need (SGCN) and priority species.
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2015 NC Wildlife Action Plan
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